POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT: Urbanisation

Question 1

What is Urbanisation?

Answer 1

It is the increase in the population of people living in towns and cities

Question 2

Urbanisation occurs when people move from …….. to ….. areas

Answer 2

Rural to urban

Question 3

What are the main causes of urbanisation in LEDCS

Answer 3

》Rural to urban migration is happening on a massive scale due to population pressure and a lack of resources in rural areas(push factors)
》people living in rural areas believe that the standard of living in urban areas will be much better than in rural areas. They for well paid jobs, greater opportunities to find informal work , and better health care and education

Question 4

Residential area is ..

Answer 4

Area where people live
》Residential area means land used as a permanent residence or domicile, such as a house, apartment, nursing home, school, child care facility or prison, land zoned for such uses, or land where no zoning is in place

Question 5

What is high density housing ?

Answer 5

》It is where dwellings are relatively small and there is little or no open space between them
》found in the older part of the towns and cities closer to the city center

Question 6

What is low density housing ?

Answer 6

There are fewer dwellings per square kilometre
》there is open space between housing usually in forms of gardens plots for recreation
》the areas are usually modern and further away from the city center

Question 7

What is medium density housing?

Answer 7

Small but not as small ad high density housing

It is in between

Question 8

What are the urban structures in Meds

Answer 8

》it is residential ..low,high,medium density
》industrial sites
》stadia 
》open spaces
》CBD central business district

Question 9

What are the main features or characteristics of CBD?

Answer 9

》commercial and shopping facilities, intensive land development -skyscappers
》concentration of main offices …shops ….financial institutions….entertainment centres
》chief focus of traffic (junction…bus stations)
Large number of pedestrians
》vertical zoning -shops occupy ground floors because of accessibility while offices occupy upper floors
》functional grouping -similar shops and similar functions tend to locate together-increasing their threshold
》traffic restrictions are greatest in the CBD - pedestrianation has reduced access of cars
》concentration of retailing - high levels of accessibility attract shops with high range and threshold characteristics
》low residential population - high bed rents can only be met by luxury apartments

Question 10

What are the problems of rapid urbanisation?

Answer 10

Unemployment

• creation of squatter settlement
• traffic congestion
• poor provision services ,education and health

Question 11

What are flats?

Answer 11

These are multistory buildings containing a number of different buildings

Question 12

What are shanty houses?

Answer 12

Theses are type of slum housing often built spontaneously out of any available material such as plastics ,metal sheets or even cardboard
*they are often lacking normal services such as water supply and sewages

Question 13

Shabby houses are known as ________ in South America and in Asia they are _________ .

Answer 13

Favelas…. S.America

Bustees ….Asia

Question 14

What are the problems of shanty houses

Answer 14

*High crime rates
*lack of income
*lack of accommodation
Harbour of criminals
Spreading of diseases
Low standards of living

Question 15

Industrial areas are present in most towns and cities, they are different types of industries including……..,……….and……..

Answer 15

OLDER INDUSTRIES
located close to railway or canalssnd often quite close to centres of older cities
INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEA
Or river parts, which involve imports and exports
NEWER INDUSTRIES AREAS
closer to the outskirts of cities. These might be on greenfield sites and have access to road network

Question 16

What are transport routes ?

Answer 16

They are a key feature of urban land use main roads

Question 17

List the 6 stages of burgees’s concentric zone model

Answer 17

1. CBD
2. Zone of traditional light manufacturing
3. Low class residence
4. Medium class residence
5. High class residence
6. Heavy manufacturing

Question 18

CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL
THE MODEL IS IN THE CHICAGO’S IN 1920
The cities grew partially due to immmagrationanf natural increase.
The area around the CBD has the lowest status and highest density housing .
Residents move outwards with increasing social class of their houses are taken by new migrants

Question 19

What is rural to urban fringe?

Answer 19

It is the transition zone where urban and rural mixture of land uses
*it is the name given to a land at the edge of an urban area where they is often a huge mixture of land uses e.g science parks ….business parks…..Industrial states

Question 20

What is urban sprawl ?

Answer 20

It is the spreading of an urban area outwards.

the uncontrolled growth of towns and cities, encroaching on rural surroundings

Question 21

Characteristics of rural to urban fringe

Answer 21

Small towns
Shopping out of town
Development of high tech industries
Developments of shopping complex
Sewage works and landfill sites for urban waste
Recreational parks….. amusement parks …playground
Incomplete provision of public utilities and services

Question 22

Any 3 ways of urban sprawl

Answer 22

Green belt…..there are areas which have understand nature such as golf courses you can’t build on

Ring round roads…. These are circular roads that go around the city that dimacate end of the city so people can’t build settlements being the road

Legislation laws…. this is were by when people build settlements were they ate not suppose to settle the government will have to destroy it because it is against the laws

Question 23

What are greenbelts?

Answer 23

It is an undisturbed area of vegetation established to prevent growth of a city

Question 24

What us the name of the roads circuling the city with the aim of preventing outward expansion of a city?

Answer 24

Ring round road

Question 25

What are the advantages in the rural urban fringe

Answer 25

``` Availability of cheap land Enough space for expansion Good quality environment Fresh land area Good road transportation Better security ```

Question 26

What are the disadvantages in the rural to urban fringe?

Answer 26

``` They destroy valuable habitats Loss of farming...lands and jobs Increasing competition for land between industrial and agricultural purposes Loss of nature reserved for wildlife Increase in traffic leads to accidents ```

Question 27

What is a growth out of town shopping centres

Answer 27

These are located on green field surbarb sites with accessibility and plenty of space for parking

Question 28

Advantages of a growth out of the town shopping centres

Answer 28

``` Plenty of parking space There is s lot of space New development quite attractive Easily accessible by a car The shops can sell large volume of goods and often lower prices They relieve pressure in CBDs ```

Question 29

Disadvantages of growtg out f town shopping centres

Answer 29

They destroy vegetation They lead to pollution and environmental problems at the edge of time Increase in impemiable surfaces can cause flooding They only help those with cars Many of the jobs created are unskilled

Question 30

What is the condition on roads networks that occurs as use increases and us characterised by slower speeds...longer trips and increased vehicular queuing called

Answer 30

Traffic congestion

Question 31

What are the solutions of traffic congestion

Answer 31

``` Installation of traffic lights Park and ride Introduction of shuttle busses Introduction of round abouts Removal of unserviced vehiclesmcongestion funds ```

Question 32

What are the solutions in urban areas

Answer 32

Increase police patrols especially during the night Introduction of neighbourhood watches Installation of security cameras CCTV provision of cheap and affordable accommodation