Population Ao2

Question 1

Talk about population number increase in the past

Answer 1

From 1820 to 1950, the population steadily increased from 1 billion to 2.5 billion. However, from 1950 onwards, the population suddenly increased to just 7 billion in 69 years.

Question 2

Talk about future population numbers

Answer 2

The UN projects it will reach 9 billion by 2050, though growth rates are slowing.

Question 3

How many people live in Asia?

Answer 3

4.5 billion
60% of the worlds population

Question 4

What is the smallest continent refering to population density

Answer 4

Oceania- 1%

Question 5

Talk about Bangladesh and population density

Answer 5

Bangladesh – One of the most densely populated countries, with over 1,200 people per km², due to fertile land and a dependence on agriculture.

Question 6

Compare Niger and Japan in reference to change rates

Answer 6

Niger – With Lagos being one of the highest fertility rates in the world with a population exceeding 20 million due to job opportunities in the industrial and service sectors

Japan’s - population is declining due to low birth rates and an aging population.

Question 7

Talk about Japan and urbanisation

Answer 7

Japan- Tokyo is the largest metropolitan area in the world with over 37 million residents. Growth stabilized due to Japan’s declining birth rate, but urban density remains high.

Question 8

Talk about how Ethiopia’s climate affects population

Answer 8

This country has a largly diverse climate zones whoch impact population distributions with highland areas supporting dense settlements due to moderate temperatures and fertile soils, while arid regions face lower population densities.

Question 9

Talk about Bangladeshi soil impact on population

Answer 9

The floodplains have nutrient rick soils supporting high agricultural yield, but desert regions have infertile soils limiting human habitation

Question 10

Talk about Egypt’s natural resources effect on population

Answer 10

The Nile River sustains dense populations (95% if population live along the river) by providing water for irrigation and industry, however areas in the egyption desert have sparsly populated areas.

Question 11

What is an example of one of the first agricultural tribes?

Answer 11

Mesopotamia- allowed permanent settlements and population growth.

Question 12

Talk about the UK in the industrial revolution

Answer 12

The UK- Rapid urbanisation as people moved from rural areas to cities for job opportinites leading to high birth and low death rates.

Question 13

Talk about india in the green revolution

Answer 13

India- The adoption of high-yield wheat varieties increased food production reducing food insecurity

Question 14

Talk about how germany counteract ageing populations

Answer 14

Immigration policies have been adjusted to counteract labor shortages caused by an aging workforce.

Question 15

Talk about the maldives and climate change

Answer 15

At risk of becoming uninhabitable due to rising sea levels, prompting climate-induced migration.

Question 16

Give some facts about food consumption

Answer 16

Africa consumes the least calories out of every continent: over 27% of Africa’s population
are affected by severe food insecurity.
● North America has the highest consumption rate, followed by Europe.
● Asia’s consumption rate has seen the quickest growth; China’s consumption has increased by nearly 1000 calories in 50 years.

Question 17

Talk about the green revolution

Answer 17

The Green Revolution occurred in the 1970s and 80s due to research increasing agricultural output. It includes: increased uses of fertilizers and increased mass farming. This lead to:

• Industrialization of farming
• Decreases in family farms
• Increased Productivity
• Globalisation

Question 18

Talk about the fourth revolution

Answer 18

In agricultural revolution refers to the anticipated changes from new technologies, particularly in AI, to make smarter planning decisions. Robots can be used for growing and picking crops, weeding, milking, livestock and distributing agrochemicals via things like drones. Other farming techniques like gene editing, disease resistant, crops and vertical farms. These technologies are attracting new investment to boost food production, while minimising further environmental degregation

Question 19

Talk about GM crops and the fourth revolution

Answer 19

GM Crops- These are plants which have been modified using technology to insert dna into the genome of an organism in order for it to have desirable characteristics. These would become incredibly common in everyday life, with approximately 90% of soybeans, corn and sugar beets being GMOS and worldwide they are taking up 180.4 million hectares, a significant increase from in 2000 and three. They are most commonly engineered to be resistant to insect damage, tolerant to herbicides and resistant to plant viruses, helping them to produce higher yields

Question 20

Talk about vertical farming and the fourth revolution

Answer 20

Vertical Farming- This is growing food that uses vertical surfaces, as opposed to traditional horizontal farming, In the U. S, there are over 2300 indoor growing facilities, with many benefits to vertical farming, including high productivity, due to the fact they take up less space and all year round production.

Question 21

Talk about drones and the fourth revolution

Answer 21

Drones- Drones provide detailed data about the crop and soil health that can be used to make informed decisions about managing fields. They can also be used to spray crops efficiently with applying fertilisers and pesticides to increase yield. They can also manage and count livestock to detect diseases or stress to optimise health. They reduce the need for excessive pesticides used by targeting only areas that need it, which reduces environmental benefits. However, they do need specialised knowledge to fly the drones.

Question 22

How has meat production changed?

Answer 22

Meat Production- Has increased by 260 million tonnes from 1960 with Asia producing over 100 million tonnes due to their high population.

Question 22

Talk about climate smart agriculture

Answer 22

The UN had a conferance in 2012 on ‘agriculture, food security and climate change’ (CSA) and formed an initative to help with the challenges assosiated with climate change looking at the issues through economic, social and environmental angles.

Question 22

Talk about universal basic income as a way of combatting food insecurity

Answer 22

This is the idea that a government will give everyone a sum of money to cover any basic expensise regardless of their means.

PROS- people may be more motivated to pick a job they enjoy not cause it earns them a lot of money, reduces the inequality gap, encourages more spending which helps boost the economy, combats homelessness

CONS- it could stimulate inflation due to increased disposable income, may make people unmotivated to work as they already have the money, surpuls migration puts a strain on services, expensive, taxes may increase.

Question 23

Talk about food insecurity of somalia

Answer 23

August 2014- 3 million people in crisis as a consequence of civil war in Somalia, this lead to restriction of trade and humanitarian support. As a result, widespread poverty caused over 1 million individuals to be classified under crisis and emergency levels of food insecurity. This escpecially affacted children under 5 with 218,000 suffered from acute malnutrition. This was also catalysed by delayed and erratic rainfall resulting in a cereal harvest 37% below avergae and also led to water shortages and deminished livestock productivity.

Question 24

What is the green revolution?

Answer 24

This is a mid 20th century revolution which introduced advanced agricultural technologies to developing countries helping enhance food security. Central to the Green Revolution were the development of high crop yielding varietues. These HYVs were engineered for increased productivity and often exhibited resistance to pests and diseases. They also helped advancements in irrigation techniques, expanded use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and improved farm management practices. Collectively, these innovations led to unprecedented increases in crop yields across various regions.

Question 25

Talk about the success of the green revolution

Answer 25

The green revolution is thought to be responsible for increased calorie intake in low income countries raising grain yields by 160%. Rice Production in the Philippines: The introduction of the IR8 rice variety, known as "miracle rice," played a pivotal role in increasing rice yields. Between 1966 and 1986, annual rice production in the Philippines surged from 3.7 million to 7.7 million tons.

Question 26

compare cancer incidence and mortality in Africa and North America

Answer 26

Africa: 79 cases per 100,000; 55 deaths → 70% mortality rate North America: 510 cases per 100,000; 197 deaths → 39% mortality rate This highlights disparities in treatment access and healthcare quality.

Question 27

Talk about HALE

Answer 27

Healthy Life Expactancy( HALE)- This is what the world health organisation uses to refer to how long a person can be expected to live in good health without significant disease or injury. 2019 figures show a global average of 65.7 years with Europe and Western Oceania having the highest at both over 68 years and Africa having the lowest at 56 years. HALE is increasing in every region

Question 28

How much of disease risk comes from environmental factors

Answer 28

70-90%

Question 29

Talk about climate's effect on health

Answer 29

Temperature- more infectious diseases in tropical areas as warmer temperatures encourage disease vectors. Also, extreme cold can lead to more flu and extreme heat can lead to more heat stroke- especially for the physically vulnerable. Sunlight- Skin cancers from over exposure, lack of sunlight leading to vitamin D defficiency and poor mental health- SAD Precipitation- Flooding leads to the contamination of water supplies with raw sewage so that water borne diseases such as thyphoid and cholera are more prevalant. Also disease vectors thrive in wet climates and can become more concentrated in water supplies in areas of low rainfall

Question 30

Talk about context of chinas one child policy

Answer 30

The One-Child Policy was a population control measure implemented by the Chinese government in 1979, aiming to curb the rapid population growth that was straining the nation's resources and economic development. This policy restricted most Chinese families to having only one child, with certain exceptions for ethnic minorities and rural families whose first child was a girl.

Question 31

Talk about the evolution of china's one child policy

Answer 31

In response to emerging demographic challenges, the policy underwent several adjustments: **2013**: Families were allowed a second child if one parent was an only child **2016**: The policy was officially replaced by a Two-Child Policy. **2021**: The government introduced a Three-Child Policy to further address population decline and aging concerns.

Question 32

Talk about negative impacts of china's one child policy

Answer 32

- **Gender Imbalance** – A strong cultural preference for sons led to sex-selective abortions and a surplus of men, creating long-term social challenges. - **Ageing Population** – Fewer young people were available to support an increasing number of elderly citizens, placing pressure on healthcare and pensions. - **Workforce Decline** – A shrinking labor force contributed to economic concerns, as fewer workers were available to sustain economic growth. - **Psychological & Social Effects** – The **“Little Emperor Syndrome”** emerged, where only children were often overindulged, leading to concerns about entitlement and social skills. - **Human Rights Concerns** – Reports of forced abortions and sterilizations sparked international criticism over violations of reproductive rights.

Question 33

Talk about positive impacts of the one child policy

Answer 33

- **Slowed Population Growth** – Helped reduce strain on food, water, housing, and public services. - **Economic Growth** – Lower birth rates allowed families to **save and invest more**, contributing to China’s rapid economic expansion. - **Improved Living Standards** – More resources were allocated to healthcare and education, leading to better opportunities for children.

Question 34

Talk about ozone depletion and mention austraia

Answer 34

Increased exposure is a health risk leading to increased rates of skin cancer- predicted to rise 18% * In 2020 Australia had 37 incidences of skin cancer for every 100,000 population, compared to a global average rate of 3.4 per 100,000

Question 35

Talk about the montreal protocol

Answer 35

Emissions have reduced 99% since 196 countries signed the montreal protocol in 1987 helping the ozone layer to recover.

Question 36

how many extra deaths due to climate change are explected to happen in 2025

Answer 36

250,000

Question 37

What is the expected fur