Population Change Flashcards
(18 cards)
How do we get more people?
-reproduction
-fertility is the quality of being able to produce children through reproduction
fertility is an element of population growth/decline, reflecting both the causes and effects of economic and social developments
What is Demography?
It is the study of population
TFR
Total Fertility Rate: total number of children born to each woman if she were to live to the end of her child-bearing years and give birth to children in alignment with the prevailing age-specific fertility rates (OECD)
RR
Replacement Rate (Replacement Fertility Rate) is the average number of children born per woman—at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next, without migration. Globally it is 2.1
Life Expectancy
The average number of years that a person can be expected to live, usually from birth, assuming demographic factors remain unchanged.
Birth Rate
-number of births in a population per year per 1000 people
- # of births/total pop x 1000
Death Rate
-number of deaths in a population per year per 1000 people
- # of deaths/total pop x 1000
Natural Inc/Dec Rate
Difference between BR and DR
Birth Rate – Death Rate
Migration
-immigrant is used in reference to the country moved to
Immigration Rate - number of immigrants in a population per year per 1000 people
-emigrant is used in reference to the country moved from
Emigration Rate - number of emigrants in a population per year per 1000 people
Net Migration Rate
Immigration Rate - Emigration Rate
Population Change
Natural Inc/Dec Rate + Net Migration Rate
Population Momentum
population continues to grow despite a fall in BRs. Due to high concentration of pre-childbearing children. As this population cohort moves through childbearing years, more children will be born than elderly dying… [natural increase]
Population Projections/Doubling Time
Doubling Time - number of years needed for a population to double in size. It is found by dividing 70 (years) by the rate of natural increase.
Population Structure
Population Structure refers to any measurable characteristic of a population, such as age, sex, ethnicity, language, religion and occupation of a population.
Population Pyramids
Population Pyramids show the distribution of age and sex in a population
Population Pyramid - Basics
-Wide base indicates high BR
-Narrowing base indicates decreasing BR
-Vertical (near) sides indicate low death rates
-Concave slope indicates high DR
-Bulge in slopes indicate immigration or baby boom
-Slices in slope indicate emigration or death rate (war, disease, hazard event)
Population Pyramid - Dependents
-Shape of a population pyramid can tell us a lot about an area’s population
-A population pyramid gives us an indication of the number dependents and economically active
young dependents (aged below 15)
elderly dependents (aged 65+)
-Dependency Ratio: the ratio of working population and dependents
Old age dependency ratio: the ratio of those 65+/15-64
-Dependents rely upon the economically active for support
LICs have a high number of young dependents
HICs have a growing number of elderly dependents
Population Pyramid - Change
-Triangular shape shows a population with a high number of young dependents, and high death rate for elderly dependents (low life expectancy)
-A population pyramid that has fairly straight sides (more like a barrel) shows a population with a falling birth rate and a rising life expectancy.
-Over time, as a country develops, the shape changes from triangular to barrel-like.
-Places with an ageing population and a very low birth rate would have a structure that looks like an upside-down pyramid.
