Population Change

Question 1

Crude Birth Rate

Answer 1

number of live births
each year per 1,000 of
the population in an area

Question 2

Crude Death Rate

Answer 2

number of deaths each
year per 1,000 of the
population in an area

Question 3

Total Fertility Rate

Answer 3

number of children a
woman is expected
to have during her
reproductive lifetime
(15–49) based on the
current birth rates .

Question 4

Replacement Rate

Answer 4

When there are enough
children born to
balance the number of
people who have died

Question 5

Infant Mortality Rate

Answer 5

The number of deaths
per 1,000 children
(infants) born, in the
first year of their life in
a given year .

Question 6

Natural Increase

Answer 6

BR>DR

Question 7

Natural Decrease

Answer 7

BR<DR

Question 8

Stage 1 DTM

Answer 8

High BR
High DR
Very Short Life expectancy (30y)
LEDC

Question 9

Stage 2 DTM

Answer 9

High BR
Decrease in DR
Relatively short life expectancy(40y)
LEDC

Question 10

Stage 3 DTM

Answer 10

Decrease BR
Decrease DR
LE increases (65<)
1880-1950 GBR
NIC/poor MEDC

Question 11

Stage 4 DTM

Answer 11

Low BR
Low DR
LE increase (75<)
1950-present GBR
MEDC

Question 12

Stage 5 DTM

Answer 12

Very low BR
Low DR
LE increase (more old people than young)
Few MEDCs

Question 13

Stage 1 DTM explain

Answer 13

BR DR fluctuating = small pop growth

BR High : lack family planning, high IMR, children needed to work

DR High: prevalence disease/famine, poor standards of living and hygiene, non existent health care

Question 14

Stage 2 DTM explain

Answer 14

BR stay high, food supply becomes more reliable

DR drop dramatically:
-mortality crises like plague or famine eliminated
-improvements in nutrition and standard of living
-improvements in medical care
-IMR decrease due to Healthcare

Question 15

Stage 3 DTM explain

Answer 15

DR continue to fall and stabilise
BR fall quickly:
-marriage delayed or traditional methods of birth control developed
-lower IMR means less need to continue having children
-increase industrialisation means less workers needed in urban factories
-increased desire for material possessions
-improved roles & equality mean women enter workplace

Question 16

Stage 4 DTM explain

Answer 16

BR DR low but fluctuating
Rate of population growth slows down quickly
Demands for labour mean searching for migrant workers to keep economy moving

Question 17

Stage 5 DTM explain

Answer 17

BR falls below DR
Not enough babies being born to replace population
People more concerned in jobs/careers than settling down and having a family
Children seen as draw on resources rather than an asset

Question 18

Limitations DTM

Answer 18

-Eurocentric - LEDCs moving through much faster pace
-Model assumes DR falls in S2 due to Industrialisation in most LEDC cases not true. - political intervention, economic investment or aid/relief

Question 19

Stage 1 ET

Answer 19

Age of Pestilence and Famine

DR very high.
Mainly infectious diseases
Referred to as Exogenic
LE very low

Question 20

Stage 2 ET

Answer 20

Age of Receding Pandemics

DR begin to fall
Developments in medical science and sanitation control infectious disease
LE increase (30-50)

Question 21

Stage 3 ET

Answer 21

Age of Degenerative and ManMade Disease

LE increase DR decrease
Pop stability at low level

Modern healthcare, antibiotics, improvements in IMR - live longer

Cause of death becomes Endogenic diseases (alzheimers, heart disease, strokes, cancer)
Affect only later in life

Question 22

Limits of ET

Answer 22

Some question wether changes happened in 20th century

DR in LEDC dropped rapidly due to aid intervention (much faster rate than MEDC exp)
Many LEDC have lower DR than some MEDC
As youthful pop gets older expected DR increase again