POPULATION CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES

Question 1

Individuals of SAME SPECIES residing in a particular area are referred to as _____________

Answer 1

population

Question 2

Sustainability of the ecosystem is directly impacted by __________________.

Answer 2

population dynamics

Question 3

A population consists of a group of interacting individuals of the same species that occupy a specific area at the same time. In mostnatural populations, individuals vary slightly in their genetic makeup; which is why they do not all look or behave exactly like a phenomenon called ______________.

Answer 3

genetic diversity

Question 4

Speaks of a population’s birthrate, or the quantity of newmembers brought about via reproduction.Typically expressed as thenumber of live births per 1,000 individuals per year

Answer 4

Natality

Question 5

Describes the death rate,or the total number ofpeople who pass awaywithin a population withina given time frame

Answer 5

Mortality

Question 6

The ratio of men to women in a population is known as the ______________. It is frequently stated as the ratio of males to girls, or 100 to 1.

Answer 6

sex ratio

Question 7

The proportion of individualsin each age group in apopulation

Answer 7

age structure

Question 8

The number of individuals present in a subjectively designated geographic range

Answer 8

population size

Question 9

population size is influenced by four factors which are

Answer 9

births, deaths, immigration, emigration

Question 10

If the number of individuals added from births and immigration equals the number lost to deaths and immigration,then there is zero population growth.

Answer 10

yuh

Question 11

The number of individuals of a population in a certain space at a given time.

Answer 11

Population density

Question 12

In population density, for __________ ecosystems, it is usuallyexpressed as the number of individuals per unit _____ while for aquaticecosystems, it is usually expressed asthe number of individuals per unitvolume.

Answer 12

terrestrial, area

Question 13

The SPATIAL PATTERN in which the members of a population are found in their habitat.

Answer 13

population dispersion

Question 14

Individuals within populations are distributed in patterns that may be _____________, ____________, or _______________.

Answer 14

random, uniform, clumped

Question 15

Patterns of dispersion can be produced by the ______________ within populations, by the _________________, or by acombination of the two.

Answer 15

social interactions, structure of physical environment.

Question 16

_____________ in population ecology is a CHANGE IN THE NUMBER of members of a certain species in a particular location during a particular time period

Answer 16

Population growth

Question 17

Populations vary in their capacity for growth, also known as the _______________ of the population

Answer 17

biotic potential

Question 18

POPULATION GROWTH CURVE

The rate at which a population could grow if it had unlimited resources is the _________________ r.

It is expressed as the number of new individuals per existing individual per unit of time, such as the number of piglets per existing sow per year.

Answer 18

intrinsic rate of increase

Question 19

POPULATION GROWTH CURVE

______________ consists ofall the factors acting jointly to limit the growth of a population. The population size of a species in a given place and time is determined by the interplay between its _______________ and __________________ .

Answer 19

Environmental resistance, biotic potential

Question 20

What are some abiotic growth factors of a population?

Answer 20

favorable light

favorable temperature

favorable chemical environment

Question 21

What are some biotic growth factors?

Answer 21

high reproductive rates

generalized niche

migrate

suitable habitat

Question 22

Both biotic potential and environmental resistance determine the ________________, K, the number of individuals of a given speciesthat can be sustained INDEFINITELY in a given space.

Answer 22

carrying capacity

Question 23

TYPES OF POPULATION GROWTH CURVE

____________________

shows the population grows faster with time starts out slowly and then proceeds faster and faster as the population increases. If the number of individuals is plotted against time, this sequence yields a J-shaped _____________ curve.

Answer 23

exponential growth

Question 24

TYPES OF POPULATION GROWTH CURVE

It involves exponential population growth when the population is small and a STEADY DECREASE in population growth with time as the population approaches the carrying capacity.A plot of the number of individuals against time yields a sigmoid or S shaped logistic growth curve

Answer 24

Logistic growth

Question 25

TYPES OF POPULAION GROWTH CURVE ____________ plot the numbers in _______ still alive at each age. A ______ refers to a group of individuals that share common characteristics or experiences within a defined time period or population (Setia, 2015).

Answer 25

survivor-ship curves, cohort 2x

Question 26

SURVIVORSHIP CURVES ____________ is flat during early and middle life and drops suddenly as death rate increases among the elderly Associated with species such ashumans and other largemammals that produce fewoffspring that are well caredfor

Answer 26

Type 1

Question 27

survivorship curves ________ is intermediate, withmortality more constant overlife spans. This type is seen inHydra, gray squirrels, and birds

Answer 27

type II

Question 28

survivor-ship curves ________ shows very high deathrates for the young, followedby lower death rates.This type is often associatedwith organisms, such as oysters, that produce very many offspring but provide little or no care. More examples are trees, marine invertebrates, and most fishes

Answer 28

type III

Question 29

Species use different reproductive strategies to survive and adapt to their environments. These strategies fall into two maincategories: ___________ and __________

Answer 29

r - strategists, k-strategists

Question 30

_________________ These species thrive in unstable,unpredictable focusing on environments by rapid reproduction.Their characteristics include:

Answer 30

R strategists rapid reproduction minimal parental care high reproductive rates

Question 31

These species are adapted to more stable environments, emphasizing SURVIVAL over REPRODUCTION. Their characteristics include:

Answer 31

late maturation, longer lifespans, significant parental care, stable populations

Question 32

In population ecology, two key categories of factors influence population size: ______________ and __________ factors

Answer 32

density dependent, density independent

Question 33

FACTORS INFLUENCING POPULATION SIZE These factors become more pronounced as a population grows larger and denser.They are intrinsic to the interactions within the population and ecosystem

Answer 33

density - dependent factors

Question 34

Density dependent factors result in

Answer 34

competition for resources predation disease

Question 35

Density independent factors

Answer 35

natural disasters, environmental changes, climate extremes

Question 36

Why is understanding population dynamics important?

Answer 36

1. Human Impact 2. Evolutionary Processes 3. Economic Importance 4. Ecological Interactions 5. Understanding Ecosystem Health 6. Conservation and Biodiversity 7. Resource Management 8. Predicting and Responding to changes