Population Dynamics Flashcards
(25 cards)
Bottle neck effect?
Massive death
Founder effect?
Starts a new population
What are the 5 conditions for HWE?
- Large population
- No natural selection
- No mutations
- No immigration/emigration
- Random Mating (no preferred type)
Genotype frequency equation?
P^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
P^2 - homo dominant
2pq - heterozygous
Q^2 - homo recessive
Allel frequency equation?
P + q = 1
P - dominant
Q - recessive
What is a population?
Same place, same species, same time
Explain K-Selected Reproductive Strategies
Ex. Elephant
Life span - long
# of offspring - few
Care of offspring - lots
Age of sexual maturity - later
Size of adult - big
Explain R selected Reproductive Strategie
Ex. Mayfly
Life span - short
# of off spring - many
Care of offspring - none
Age of sexual maturity - very early
Size of adult - small
Spectrum?
Most species are in between K and R selected
Explain S curve
- K-selected
1. Lag phase - slow growth
- Growth phase - population increase, logistics (log)
- Stability - balanced around carrying capacity
Explain J curve
- R - Selected
1. Lag phase - slow growth
- Growth phase - fast exponential
- Death phase - population size decreases
What is K in growth Curves?
Max # of individuals that a habitat can support
Explain Community?
Many species, same place, same time
Explain 2 types of succession?
- Primary succession - disturbance removes community and soil
- Secondary succession - disturbance removes community but soil remains
Explain types of communities?
- Pioneer species - first to move
- Intermediate Community - develops later and a mix of many species (most diversity)
- Climax Community - dominated by large long living species
Explain types of Competition?
Intraspecific: between same species
Interspecific: between different species
Defence against predation?
- camouflage
- morphology: spines, thorns, needles
- physiological: chemicals (skunk)
- behavioural: ways to react
- mimicry: imitation of other species
Explain the Relationships in Symbiosis?
- Mutualism: both species benefit
- Commensalism: one species benefit other is unharmed
- Parasitism: one species benefits other is harmed
Biotic Potential?
Rate species reproduce with ideal conditions
Carrying Capacity?
Max # of species a habitat can support
Natality?
Birth
Mortality?
Death
Density dependent?
Rate of population is affected by density
Environmental resistance?
Limitations on a population survival ex. Predators, disease, competition
