Porifera

Question 1

what are the names for the body walls of the poriferans?

Answer 1

pincoderm/ dermal epithelium

chaonoderm / gasteral epithelium

Question 2

what are the body walls made of

Answer 2

pinacocytes/ porocytes

chaonocytes/ collar cells/ flagellated cells

Question 3

what is the middle layer called

Answer 3

mesohyal / mesenchyma

Question 4

what are the functions of the chaonocytes

Answer 4

food trap
water movement
temporary trapping of sperm
incomplete digestion
filter-feeding

Question 5

where does the complete digestion of the food takes place

Answer 5

in amoebocytes

Question 6

what is the mode of digestion in case of poriferons

Answer 6

the digestion is intracellular, first in the choanocytes and then in the amoebocytes

Question 7

what is the sexual status of `Porifera

Answer 7

they are bisexual/hermaphrodite

Question 8

although poriferans are bisexual/ hermaphrodite there is the presence of cross-fertilization

Answer 8

because of protogynous

Question 9

if the choanocytes of the Porifera is removed which system is most affected?

Answer 9

digestive system

Question 10

what is the method of the circulation in Porifera

Answer 10

wandering amoebocytes digest the food and distribute among the different part of the body

Question 11

what are the different structure that arises from the amoebocytes

Answer 11

C(2)MSAT(2)PGG
Chromocytes
Collencytes/Lophocytes
Myocytes
Scleroblast/sclerocytes
Archeocytes
Thesocytes
Trophocytes
Phagocytes
Germ cells /sex cells
Gland cells

Question 12

what is the function of

1. Archeocytes
2. Trophocytes
3. Scleroblast/sclerocytes
4. Chromocytes
5. Myocytes

Answer 12

1. Gemmule formation
2. Nurse cells/ circulation of the digested food
3. Spicule formation
4. Contains pigment granules and the excretory material
5. Myocytes are present around the mouth of the osculum which helps for the opening and closing of the mouth

Question 13

What is the universal character of all the sponges

Answer 13

presence of spongocoel

Question 14

what are the different types of sclereoblast found in the Poriferans?

Answer 14

1. calcoblast- forms calcareous spicules made up of CaCO3
2. silicoblast- forms silicious spicules made up of silicic acid
3. spongioblast - forms spongin fibres made up of spongin protein
   [no biaxon spicules are found in the Poriferans only uniaxon spicules are present]

Question 15

what kind of spicules are found in

1. sycon
2. euplectella
3. spongilla
4. leucosolenia
5. euspongia
6. hyalonema

Answer 15

calcareous
silicious 
spongin fibre
calcareous
spongin fibre
silicious

Question 16

what type of spicules are found in
calcaeria
hexactinellida
demospongia

Answer 16

Calcarea: calcareous spicule

hexactinellid: siliceous spicule
demosponge: siliceous or spongin fibre or both

Question 17

what is the function of thesocytes

Answer 17

it stores food in form of glycogen

Question 18

in which part of the amoebocytes does the digestion of the food takes place

Answer 18

it takes place in the food vacuoles

Question 19

which kind of regeneration is found in the poriferans

Answer 19

morphallaxis

Question 20

what is the difference between morphallaxis and epimorphosis

Answer 20

each individual part gives rise to the whole organism

capacity to regain the lost part of the body

Question 21

difference between the internal bud and external bud

Answer 21

Internal bud
Gemmule
Gemmulation
Spongilla (freshwater sponge)
Endogenous budding
Unfavourable condition

External bud
Gemma
Gemmation
Sycon
Leucosolenia
Exogenous budding
Favourable condition

Question 22

what is micropyle

how many layers of covering is present in the bud

Answer 22

opening of the bud which leads to the archeocytes

2

Question 23

what kind of fertilization is found in the poriferans

Answer 23

internal and cross fertilization

Question 24

what is the larval stage of sycon and leucosolenia and which one is hollow and which one is solid

Answer 24

sycon - amphiblastula (hollow)

leucosolenia - parenchymula (solid)

Question 25

what are the different type of canal system found in the Porifera

Answer 25

Ascon type Sycon type Leucon type/Ragon type

Question 26

why is the leucon type canal system also called the ragon type canal system

Answer 26

ragon is the larval stage of organism and the canal system present in them is the ragon type canal system when the organism matures and changes into the adult the ragon type of canal system changes to the leucon type of canal system so, considering the larval stage it is also called the ragon type

Question 27

which is the most primitive canal system and which organism has it

Answer 27

ascon type | found in leucosolenia

Question 28

which organism contains the sycon type of canal system

Answer 28

sycon and grantia

Question 29

which contains the ragan/leucon type of canal system

Answer 29

euplectella and spongilla

Question 30

what are the main function of the canal system

Answer 30

nutrition excretion respiration reproduction (minor)

Question 31

what is the path for the flow of water in the ascon type

Answer 31

ostia spongocoel osculum exit

Question 32

what is the path for the flow of water in the sycon type

Answer 32

``` ostia incurrent canal prosopyle radial canal apopyle spongocoel osculum exit ```

Question 33

what is prosopyle and which cells form them

Answer 33

passage between incurrent canal and the radial canal | formed by the porocyte cells

Question 34

what is apopyle

Answer 34

passage between the radial canal and the spongocoel

Question 35

what is the radial canal of the sycon type canal system lined by

Answer 35

chaonocytes

Question 36

what is the spongocoel of the sycon type canal system lined by

Answer 36

endopinacocytes

Question 37

what is the incurrent canal of the sycon type canal system lined by

Answer 37

pinacocytes

Question 38

which is the solitary one which one is the colonial

Answer 38

sycon | leucosolenia

Question 39

smallest porifera largest porifera tallest porifera

Answer 39

leucosolenia specio spongia paterian patera

Question 40

what is the habit of larva and adult of porifera

Answer 40

motile | sessile

Question 41

what is the grade of organization of sponges

Answer 41

cellular

Question 42

what type of symmetry is found in sponges

Answer 42

asymmetrical mostly few radially symmetrial (sycon and leucosolenia)

Question 43

what is the name and function of the myocytes present around the osculum

Answer 43

oscular fringes | work as valve

Question 44

are porifera found in colder or warmer water

Answer 44

found in warmer water never found in colder water

Question 45

what is the largest class in Porifera

Answer 45

demospongia

Question 46

what is the habitat of porifera

Answer 46

marine few fresh water like spongilla

Question 47

who termed porifera who found the animal nature of the sponge who found the regeneration of the sponge

Answer 47

Robert E. Grant John Ellis H.W. Wilson

Question 48

what is the group of porifera called

Answer 48

Parazoa

Question 49

why is the study of Porifera called

Answer 49

Parazoology

Question 50

``` name the following crown sponge venous basket flower glass rope sponge bath sponge fresh water sponge boring sponge mermaid's glove/ deadman's finger ```

Answer 50

``` sycon euplectella hyalonema spongia spongilla cliona chalina ```

Question 51

in which sponge is osculum numerous

Answer 51

spongia

Question 52

in which sponge are the symbiotic association with epizoanthus and polythoa seen

Answer 52

in hyalonema, it contains the gastral cone on the upper part and the tuft of spicules following it where there is the presence of the symbiotic relation between the polyps of anemone and the Porifera

Question 53

in which sponge is a symbiotic association with the algae seen

Answer 53

spongilla, because of with they have the different shades of green colour in them

Question 54

what is the hypothetical ansestor of sponges

Answer 54

olynthus

Question 55

what is proterospongia

Answer 55

connecting link between protozoa and porifera

Question 56

what are the different type of spongia

Answer 56

euspongia(horny sponge) and hippospongia(horse sponge)