Port Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
how many hectacres are authorized for Port production
A
26000
2
Q
what is the vineyard classification scale?
A
A-F
A = >1200 B = 1001 to 1200 C = 801 to 1000 D = 601 to 800 E = 401 to 600 F = 201 to 400
3
Q
How are vineyard classifications determined?
A
A combination of many factors, the most important being
Location Altitude Grape Variety Planted Slope Aspect
4
Q
allowable training systems
A
Single Guyot,
Double Guyot,
Unilaterial Cordon,
Bilateral Cordon
5
Q
predominant red grapes of port
A
Tinta Roriz Tinta Cao Tinta Francesca Touriga Nacional Touriga Franca
6
Q
predominant white grapes of port
A
Malvasia Fina
Viosinho
Gouveio
Codega
7
Q
best vintages of the 1940s
A
1945
1948
8
Q
what vintage of named “The Ladies’ Vintage”
A
1950 (cool summer, restrained style)
9
Q
who produces Quinta do Cavadinha
A
Warre’s
10
Q
what are the single Quinta releases of Quinta do Noval
A
Quinta do Silval
Quinta do Noval
Quinta do Noval Nacional (technically a clos within the larger quinta do noval, with ungrafted vines)
11
Q
who produces Quinta do Passdouro
A
Niepoort
12
Q
what is the single quinta release of Messia
A
Quinta do Cacháo
13
Q
what is the single quinta release of Kopke
A
Quinta do Sao Luiz
14
Q
Dow’s single Quinta releases
A
Quinta do Bomfim
Senhora de Ribeira
15
Q
who produces Quinta dos Malvedos
A
Graham’s
16
Q
Stylistically, how would Graham’s differ from Warre’s
A
Graham is about power and fruit
Warre’s is about elegance and femininity
17
Q
Stylistically, how would Croft differ from Taylor Fladgate
A
Croft is about exuberant fruits
Taylor is about elegance and acidity
18
Q
The Tua river runs through what part of the Douro
A
The upper Cima
19
Q
What is the name of Delaforce’s single quinta release
A
Quinta da Carte
20
Q
When did the most recent Port house form
A
1981 (Churchill’s)
21
Q
define “envelhicado em garrafa”
A
“matured in bottle”
LBV that receives an extra 3 years aging in bottle
22
Q
maximum yields for red and white port
A
55 hl/ha
65 hl/ha
23
Q
The port zone of production was first demarcated in what year
A
1756
24
Q
who was responsible for the demaracation of the port zone of production
A
the marquis de pombal
25
what was the first vintage of Taylor Fladgate's Vargalles
1958 (released in 1968)
26
who produces white chip port
Taylor
27
in relation to the making of port, what is "the cut"
during the foot treading, it is the first two hours where the stompers march side by side slowly and methodloically
28
How long would ferment for
approx 3-4 days
29
what are the 3 Quintas of Fonseca
Panascal (Tavara Valley)
```
Cruzeiro (Pinhao Valley)
Santo Antonio (Pinhao Valley)
```
30
Who produces Quinta do Panascal
Fonseca
31
What is Croft's top Quinta
Quinta do Roêda
32
what is the oldest port house
croft (1558)
33
On what day does Taylor Fladgate declare their vintage
April 23 (Saint George's Day)
34
What year was Taylor Fladgate founded
1692
35
what is widely considered the vest vintage port of all time
Croft 1945
36
what is the minimum time in wood for a reserve tawny port without age indication
7 years
37
the grape Bastardo is more commonly known as what
Trousseau
38
Generally declared port vintages of the 21st century
```
2016
2011
2009
2007
2003
2000
```
39
maximum aging time in cask for vintage port
2.5 years
40
define lagrima
the sweetest style of white port
41
what are the three subregions west to east
baixas corgo
cima corgo
douro supieror
42
what was the importance of the Treaty of Methuen in 1703
agreement between portugal and england, allowing the cheap export of port to england in exchange for british textiles
43
In what year were farmers in the douro allowed to sell their wines directly, rather than having to age them in Villa Nova di Gaia
1978
44
how many cases of wine were sold in 2017
8.3 million
45
the portuguese term for the adding of brandy to fermenting must
beneficio
46
the sweetness scale of port wine
```
extra seco (17.5-40 g/l)
seco (40-65 g/l)
meio seco (65-85 g/l)
doce (85-130 g/l)
meio doce (130+ g/l)
```
47
what are the 5 tributaries of the Douro river valley
```
Pinhao
Tavora
Varosa
Corgo
Torto
```
48
generally declared vintages from 1963 to present
```
1963
1966
1970
1975
1977
1980
1983
1985
1992
1994
1997
2000
2003
2007
2009
2011
2016
```
49
What are the mountains that act as a rain shadow of the Douro
Marao + Montemuro
50
Régua is in what part of the douro
Baixas Corgo
51
What are the soil types of the Douro and what points would they.be awarded
Schistous soils (100)
Transitional (-100)
Granite (-250)
52
When was the classification system devised
1945-1949
| Alvara Fonseca
53
What is the most widely planted grape in Douro
Touriga Franca
- crossing of mourisco and T Nacional
54
Positives of touriga franca
```
Likes heat
Consistent yields
Disease resistent
Needs lower, southern facing vineyards
Brings florality
```
55
What is the 2nd most planted grape in the douro
Tinta Roriz
56
Where would you want to plant Tinta Roriz
High altitude
57
Benefits of Tinta Roriz
Ripens early
| Can be planted at altitude
58
Boca de Mina is another name for what grape
Tinta Barroca (became official name in the 1940s)
59
Benefits of Tinta Barroca
High sugar content
| Does well on high altitude, north facing slopes
60
Tinta Amarela originally comes from what country
Tunesia
61
Tinta Amarela goes by what name in the Vinho Verde
Trincaderia
62
Tinta Amarela is mostly planted in what Douro subzone
Baixas Corgo
63
Mourisco was popular in the 19th century for what reason
Resistant to phylloxera
64
What are the five most planted grapes in the Douro
```
Touriga Franca
Tinta Roriz
Tinta Barroca
Tinta Amarela
Mourisco
```
65
Characteristics of Touriga Nacional
```
Deep colour
Ageability of the wines
Low yields
Needs warm weather
Needs dry weather
Easily over ripens
```
66
The name of the dark skinned Malvasia grown in the Douro
Malvasia Preta
67
Malvasia Fina is better known as what
Boal
68
In what Quinta were the first Patamares constructed
Ramos Pintos Quinta de Bom Retiro
69
What is a drawback of the patamar system
It does not promote densely planted vines, promoting overly vigorous vine growth
70
Who owns Quinta de Seixo
Sandeman
71
Traditional terraces of the Douro
Socalcos
72
What is a talude
A steeply inclined ramp connecting patamares
73
Malvasia Rei is more commonly known as what
Palamino
74
What is the official name for Codega
Siria
75
What does Gouveio bring to the blend of a white port
Acid and aromatics
Offsets the fatter, fleshier Siria and Malvasia Fina
76
The average hectacre per grower
1.32
77
Define armazem
A wine store
78
Quinta da Foz de Temilobos is located where and who is it owned by
Eastern portion of Baixas Corgo
Owned by Delaforce
A rating
79
Who owns Quinta de Napoles
Niepoort (purchased in 1988, their first property in the Douro)
A rating
Located in Cima Corgo
80
Where is Quinta de Sao Luiz located
Cima Corgo
A rating
Owned by Kopke
81
what was the first great vintage of port
1775 (the first to use a cork and cylindrical bottle)
82
what was the first Quinta established in the Douro Superior
Quinta do Silho, established by the Ferreira family
83
when did the idea of declaring vintages take hold
the mid 19th century, with 1847, 1851, 1858, and 1863 being classic years. Port moved from being something enjoyed young to something one would age
84
what are "barcos rabelos"
the long Viking-inspired boats that carried port up and down the river
85
what is the importance of "the Galegos"
they were the Galicians who came to the Douro in search of work. They built many of the original socalcos that still stand today.
86
which house bottled a 1931 vintage port, despite the Great Depression
Quinta do Noval
87
What are the conditions that must be met in order to qualify as a port shipper
150,000 litres (roughly 275 pipes) of port keep in reserve
| possession of a lodge in Villa Nova di Gaia
88
minimum baumé of must destined for port production
11 degrees
89
define "manta"
the cap that forms in a lagar
90
describe when a port would be fortified, and the ratio of brandy to must
once fermented to about 5-7% alcohol, fermentation is arrested. It is apprpximately a 1 in 5 ratio of brandy to must
91
common pH of port
3.6-3.7
| Usually acidified
92
how is Pink Port made?
saignée
93
define "meia curtimenta"
in white port production, it is the blending of pressed juice w/ free run juice
94
the ratio of aguardente to wine
115 litres of aguardente to 435 of wine = 550 litre pipe
95
what is the ABV of the aguardente
77%
| - considerably less than that of sherry or maderia
96
what year is referred to as the Schnapps Vintage
1904
| Wine were fortified with a German potato-based spirit due to a local shortage
97
define geropigas
a very sweet wine (150 g/l+) made to use for later blending. kept in reserve, it may be blended in at some point to maintain a house's style
98
define "port and lemon"
a classic english drink that combined ruby port and lemonade
99
define Leve Seco
a style of light white port fortified to 16.5%
100
define the "reserve" port category
it is a function of quality and not necessarily age, being inclusive to pretty much any style of port made.
can be thought of as premium ruby
must undergo tasting panel approval
examples include: Fonseca Bin 27, Graham's Six Grapes
101
which houses have championed the idea of "bottle matured" LBV
Warre's and Smith Woodhouse
102
define Crusted port
a blend of multuple vintages bottled after 2 years of wood aging. Similar to Vintage port in style but at a fraction f the price
103
characteristics of 10, 20, 30 and 40 year old tawny
10 year = red in centre w/ bricking at the edges, raisens, a bit of tannin
20 year = slightly sweeter due to concentration of sugars, nutty aromas, coffee, lighter in colour
30 year = pale mahogony in colour, distinct roasted coffee note, more rustic/volatile in flavour
40 year = marmalaide, orange peel, rancio characters, no primary fruit left
104
minimum oak aging for colheita port
7 years
105
worst vintage of the 21st century
2002 (rain at harvest caused rot and dilute wines)
106
David Guimaraens is the head winemaker for what port house
The Taylor Partnership
107
describe the 1993 vintage
possibly the worst in history, beset by a cool summer and rain at harvest
108
terrible vintages of port in the past 50 years
```
2002
1993
1981
1979
1973
1971
```
109
Best vintages of port in the past 70 years
```
2011
2003
2000
1994
1985
1970
1966
1955
1948
1945
```
110
in what year did regulations change, allowing port not be traded through the bonded warehouses of Vila Nova
1986
111
define the phrase "do you know the Bishop of Norwich"
in the factory house, it is used to gently remind people to continue passing the port along its clockwise rotation. Apparently, it is in reference to an old Bishop of Norwich who did not share his port.
112
what is official dividing line between Baixas and Cima Corgo
Covelinhas
113
what is the official dividing line between Cima Corgo and Douro Superior
Cachao de Valeira
114
when did autovinification come into the douro
1964 at Bomfim
115
quinta do Vesuvio is located in what part of the douro
D. Superior
116
stylistically, how do Bomfim and Senhora do Ribeira differ
Bomfim is heavier, darker, more chocolate
| Senhora brings violet aromas and very low yields
117
What is a Tappit Hen
a bottle containing 2.25 litres of wine
118
Quinta do Tua belongs to who
Graham's
119
What are Warre's two quinta in the Cima Corgo
Cavadinha
| Retiro
120
In what tributary valley is Smith Woodhouse located
Torta
121
what is the latest ripening grape in the Douro
Touriga Franca
122
Describe the Sousâo grape
red fleshed, adding colour and spicy qualities
123
What are the two prominent quinta of Cockburn
Canais (in the Douro Superior)
| Vale Coelho
124
The Bico de Pato Vineyard is within what quinta
Canais
125
who produces quinta da corte
Delaforce
126
generally declared vintages of the 90s
1991,1994,1997
127
what is the "lei do terco"
law of thirds, regulating that producers can only sell 1/3 of their stock in any given year
128
min RS for all port
17.5
129
how many bottles of port is in a Tappit Hen
3 bottles
| 2.25 litres
130
what year was the douro first demarcated
1756
131
what is a Hogget
a round bottomed decanter placed in a Plinth (holder) to the right of the host, and served going clockwise
