Portugal Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Climates of Portugal
A
North coast: Atlantic, middle to south coast Mediterranean, inland: continental
2
Q
How many grape varieties recognized in just institute of wine (Portugal)?
A
~350
3
Q
Leading red grapes of Portugal
A
Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz (aragonez, tempranillo), castelao, baga, trincadeira (tinta amarela)
4
Q
What are synonyms for Tempranillo in Portugal
A
Tinta Roriz (Douro), and Aragonez
5
Q
Synonym for Castelao
A
Periquita
6
Q
Profile of Baga variety
A
Highly tannic, age worthy, plum and tobacco
7
Q
Profile of trincadeira variety?
A
Does best in hot dry areas, high acid, blackberry, herb, pepper
8
Q
Percentage white in Portugal
A
<1/3
9
Q
Primary white grapes of Portugal
A
Fernao Pires (Maria Gomes), Loureiro, Alvarinho
10
Q
Grapes of Madeira
A
Serial, Verdelho, Boal, Malvasia (Malmsey)
11
Q
Name levels of Portugal’s wine classification
A
Vinho (de Portugal), Vinho Regional (VR ), Donominacao de origem controlada (DOC)
12
Q
Proportion of Portugal’s wine that is vinho level
A
About 1/4
13
Q
Proportion of Portugal’s wine that is PGI
A
1/4
14
Q
Name of Portugal’s PGI and how many
A
VR - Vinho Regional / 14
15
Q
Number of Portugal’s DOCs
A
31
16
Q
Portugal’s coolest and wettest region
A
Minho
17
Q
Portugal largest region DOC by vineyard area
A
Porto DOC
18
Q
Portugal’s second largest DOC by vineyard area
A
Vinho Verde DOC
19
Q
What types of wine is Vinho Verde
A
Red, white, or rose, and sparkling
20
Q
Grapes of Vinho Verde (white)
A
Loureiro, Alvarinho, (and sometimes arinto and trajadura)
21
Q
How does Vinho Verde compare to Rias Baixas wines?
A
More petillant, less alcohol, high acid, mineral and tart
22
Q
Main grape for red Vinho Verde
A
Vinhao
23
Q
DOC in Minho VR
A
Vinho Verde DOC
24
Q
When were the Douro boundaries defined
A
1756
25
DOCs of Duriense VR
Porto DOC, Douro DOC
26
What proportion of Duriense region production of for Porto?
About half
27
What types of wine are made in Douro DOC
Unfortified wines, and very small amount of fortified Muscat (Moscatel de Douro)
28
If international grapes are grown in Douro, what are they labeled under?
Duriense VR
29
Where is Douro?
In Portugal, 40 mi east of Oporto and extends 60 mi east to Spanish border, around the Douro river
30
3 subregions of Douro
Baixo Corgo, Cima Corgo, Douro Superior
31
What subregion of Douro is where majority of Port production is located?
Cima Corgo
32
Main varieties for grape for Red Port
Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Barroca, Tinto Cao
33
Main grape varieties for white port
Gouveio and Malvasia
34
Main grape varieties for unfortified wines in Douro
Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz
35
What is the Cadastro
A complex vineyard ranking system that assesses 12 factors, including altitude, yield, etc, to rank/classify them from A to F. Each year’s ranking determines each growers maximum amount of wine allowed to be produced as port
36
What is the term used to describe a growers maximum amount of wine that can be turned into port
Beneficio
37
Traditionally grapes were foot crushed in this vessel
Open granite or concrete troughs - lagares
38
To what alcohol level is port fortified?
19-22%
39
After fermentation, fortification and rest through winter, what happens to the port wine
Put into large barrels (pipes) and then traditionally shipped down the Douro river on flat bottomed boats called barcos rabelos to Oporto where they would be stored to age in warehouses.
Late 1800s moved to Villa Nova de Gaia- lower temps but high humidity good for aging
Now transported by trucks
40
Describe Ruby Port
Simplest of ports, vibrant red color with youthful aromas, aged for about 2 years in large oak casks
41
What is a Reserve Port
Blend of premium ruby ports bottled after 4 to 6 years of aging in vats. A bit like tawny port in style
42
Late Bottled Vintage (LBV) port
Wine from a single year (vintage), matured for 4 to 6 years, intended to be consumed upon release
43
Describe Tawny port
Ruby port that aged and oxidized long enough to turn tawny and get these oxidized flavors. Reserve tawny usually ages 7 years, but many 10, 20, 30 or more.
44
Age on tawny port label indicates…?
Average age of the blends
45
What is Vintage Port
Rarest and most expensive of ports. From a single, exceptional year. Must be bottled by July 30 of the third year after harvest, but then aged / cellared in bottle for many more years before released
46
Who approves vintage declarations for Port?
Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto
47
What is a single Quinta Vintage Port
A vintage port produced from a single vinyard (Quinta). Even if entire estate cannot declare a vintage, a portion (a vineyard) can
48
Name two examples of Single Quinta Vintage Ports
Dow: Quinta do Bomfim
Taylor: Quinta de Terra Feita
49
What is a single vintage tawny port called?
Colheita
50
Describe white port
Small quantity exists. Made from Malvasia, Gouveio, and Rabigato. Usually off dry to sweet, served as aperitif.
51
Name of original Rose Port and year
Croft Pink, 2008
52
Where is Madeira
Island 400 mi west of Morocco in Atlantic (part of Portugal)
53
Where are wines of Madeira DOC made
Island of Madeira and island of Porto Santo (27mi NE of Madeira)
54
Fortified wines of Madeira are classified under?
Madeira DOC
55
Unfortified wines in Madeira are classified under?
Madeirense DOC, Terras Madeirenses VR
56
Climate of Madeira
Subtropical
57
Describe mountain aspect of where grapes for Madeira are grown
Sercial: halfway up the mountain
Verdelho: little lower
Boal / Malvasia: at sea level
58
Primary grown grape variety in Madeira
Tinta Negra
59
T/F. Madeira can be sweet or dry
True
60
Primary grapes for dry style Madeira
Sercial and Verdelho, or some Tinta Negra
61
Grapes for sweet style Madeira
Boal, Malvasia, or some Tinta Negra
62
Two methods for creating this sun baked conditions for maderization
Canteiro Method
Estufagem Method
63
Describe Canteiro Method
Wine placed in casks and stored in rafters of an uncooked warehouse. subjected to high temps in subtropical sun for minimum of 2 years. Due to evaporation and oxidation the wine gets concentrated with complex aromas and flavors. Can be bottled at a min of 3 years age
64
Which method of maderization is considered the best?
Canteiro Method
65
Describe Estufagem method
Artificially created heat and humidity speed up the ‘aging’ and maderization process. 2 mehods:
-Cuba de Calor
-Armazem de Calor
Min of 2 years after harvest before release
66
What is Cuba de Calor?
Estufagem method where wine is left in concrete or steel vats (Estufa). Hot water circulated around through submerged coils for minimum of 3 months. Temp of wine raised to 113-122F. Then wine rests in estufa for min of 90 days. Then transferred to casks for aging
67
What is armazem
An Estufagem method. Leave wine in vats in hot steamy room heated to 120F for 6mo to one year. Wine reaches temps of 86-100F - method mainly used by Madeira Wine Company.
Longer and gentler than Cuba de Calor, so intermediate quality
68
Name the 4 Madeira styles
Sercial: extra dry or dry
Verdelho: off dry / medium sweet, honey / Smokey
Boal: sweet, raisiny, medium rich
Malmsey: very sweet soft and rich
69
Why is much of Madeira not labeled as any style but generally as Madeira
Because EU law requires any wine using the name of a grape variety to contain at least 85% of that variety
70
What is rainwater style Madeira
Traditional name for off dry blend with golden color. Lighter style of Madeira
71
Common age indications on Madeira
5, 10, 15, 20, 30 , 40, 50
72
What is Colheita Madeira
Single vintage Madeira (85%) aged for at least 5 years
73
What is. Frasquiera
Vintage Madeira aged for at least 20 years
74
DOC located in Beira Atlantico VR
Bairrada
75
Majority of wine produced in Barraida
Reds of Baga grape: high acid, high tannin
76
Sparkling wine of Barraida
Traditional method using Maria Gomes (Fernao Pires), 9 mo lees
77
DOCs of Terras de Dao VR
Dao DOC
Lafoes dOC
78
Key reds of Dao
Blends from Alfrocheiro, Tinta Roriz, Jaen(Mencia), Touriga Nacional
79
Leading whites of Dao
Encruzado, Bical
80
Top DOCs within Lisboa VR
Lourinha DOC
Colares DOC
81
Top grapes in Lisboa VR
White: Arinto: dry and crips wines
Reds: Bastardo, Trincadeira, Ramisco: fruity wines
82
What type of wine does Lourinha DOC make?
Brandy - Aguardente
83
What wine does Colares DOC make?
High acid high tannin reds from Ramisco, and whites from Malvasia
[grows vines in sand dunes]
84
Most wines in Tejo are of what classification?
Vinho de Portugal and VR
85
DOC of Tejo
Do Tejo
86
Leading grapes of Tejo
Reds: Catelao, Trincadeira
White: Fernao Pires
87
What is the fortified wine of Tejo called?
Licoroso
88
DOCs o Peninsula de Setubal
Setubal DOC
Palmela DOC
89
What is Setubal Doc know for
Vins Doux naturels from Muscat(85%) - Moscatel de Setubal
90
What is Palmela DOC know for?
Reds from Catelao grape
91
DOC of Alentejano VR
Alentejo DOC
92
Types of wine of Alentejo DOC
Rich, fruit forward, full body, with good acidity
Aragonez, Trincadeira, Alicante Bouschet
93
4 DOCs of Algarve
Lagos, Portimao, Lagan, Tavira
94
Algarve plants similar varieties as planted in this region
Alentejo (Alentejano)
95
Where are the Azores?
1000 miles off west coast of Portugal. Chain of nine islands
96
What is the VR of the Azores called?
Azores VR
97
Name the 3 DOCs of the Azores
Biscoitos, Graciosa, Pico
98
What type of wine is produced in the Azores
Mostly whites (dry of fortified) from Verdelho, Arinto, and Terrantez
