portuguese 11 and 10 grade biology and geology Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
What is the basic unit of life?
A
The cell.
2
Q
True or False: DNA is a double helix structure.
A
True.
3
Q
Fill in the blank: The process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment is called ______.
A
homeostasis.
4
Q
What are the four main types of macromolecules?
A
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
5
Q
What is the function of ribosomes?
A
To synthesize proteins.
6
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA? A) mRNA B) tRNA C) rRNA D) dRNA
A
D) dRNA.
7
Q
Define photosynthesis.
A
The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.
8
Q
What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
A
To produce energy in the form of ATP.
9
Q
True or False: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
A
True.
10
Q
What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
A
To speed up the rate of reactions.
11
Q
Fill in the blank: The theory that explains how species evolve over time is known as ______.
A
natural selection.
12
Q
What is the main purpose of meiosis?
A
To produce gametes for sexual reproduction.
13
Q
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? A) Nucleus B) Ribosome C) Mitochondria D) Golgi apparatus
A
C) Mitochondria.
14
Q
What is the function of the chloroplast?
A
To conduct photosynthesis.
15
Q
True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.
A
True.
16
Q
What are the three domains of life?
A
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
17
Q
Define biodiversity.
A
The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
18
Q
What is the primary component of the cell membrane?
A
Phospholipids.
19
Q
Fill in the blank: The process of cellular respiration occurs in the ______.
A
mitochondria.
20
Q
What is the significance of the fossil record?
A
It provides evidence for the history of life and evolution.
21
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes requires oxygen? A) Anaerobic respiration B) Aerobic respiration C) Fermentation D) Photosynthesis
A
B) Aerobic respiration.
22
Q
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
A
To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids.
23
Q
True or False: Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus.
A
True.
24
Q
What are the stages of the cell cycle?
A
Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
25
Fill in the blank: The genetic material of an organism is composed of ______.
DNA.
26
What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
Autotrophs produce their own food, while heterotrophs consume other organisms for food.
27
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of life? A) Growth B) Reproduction C) Response to stimuli D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
28
What are the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
29
True or False: The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material.
True.
30
What is the function of the lysosome?
To digest waste materials and cellular debris.
31
Fill in the blank: The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane is called ______.
osmosis.
32
What is the main purpose of the scientific method?
To provide a systematic approach to investigating phenomena.
33
Multiple Choice: Which scientist is known for the theory of evolution? A) Newton B) Darwin C) Einstein D) Curie
B) Darwin.
34
What is the role of the plasma membrane?
To protect the cell and regulate what enters and exits.
35
True or False: All cells have a cell wall.
False.
36
What are gametes?
Reproductive cells that unite during sexual reproduction.
37
Fill in the blank: The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called ______.
transcription.
38
What is an ecosystem?
A community of living organisms and their physical environment interacting as a system.
39
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a biotic factor? A) Water B) Temperature C) Plants D) Soil
C) Plants.
40
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
To synthesize proteins and lipids.
41
True or False: The heart is an organ made of muscle tissue.
True.
42
What is the purpose of the integumentary system?
To protect the body and regulate temperature.
43
Fill in the blank: The smallest unit of an element is called an ______.
atom.
44
What is the main difference between weather and climate?
Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate refers to long-term patterns.
45
Multiple Choice: Which layer of Earth is liquid? A) Crust B) Mantle C) Outer core D) Inner core
C) Outer core.
46
What is plate tectonics?
The theory explaining the movement of the Earth's lithosphere on the asthenosphere.
47
True or False: Sedimentary rocks are formed by the cooling of magma.
False.
48
What is the rock cycle?
The continuous process of rock formation and transformation.
49
Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces is called ______.
weathering.
50
What is a mineral?
A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure.
51
Multiple Choice: Which type of rock is formed from cooled magma? A) Sedimentary B) Metamorphic C) Igneous D) All of the above
C) Igneous.
52
What is the primary cause of earthquakes?
The movement of tectonic plates.
53
True or False: Fossils can only be formed in sedimentary rocks.
True.
54
Fill in the blank: The layer of Earth that we live on is called the ______.
crust.
55
What is erosion?
The process by which soil and rock are removed from one location and transported to another.
56
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a metamorphic rock? A) Granite B) Limestone C) Marble D) Sandstone
C) Marble.
57
What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
58
What process do plants use to convert sunlight into energy?
Photosynthesis
59
What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
Energy production
60
True or False: DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
True
61
Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for regulating what enters and exits the cell.
Cell membrane
62
What type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma?
Igneous rock
63
What is the process by which sediment is deposited and forms sedimentary rock?
Lithification
64
Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
Mitochondria
65
What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?
Protein synthesis
66
What are the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
67
True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.
True
68
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis in plant cells
69
What is the term for the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem?
Biodiversity
70
Fill in the blank: __________ are the building blocks of proteins.
Amino acids
71
What is the largest organ in the human body?
Skin
72
What is the significance of the cell cycle?
It regulates cell growth and division.
73
What are the main stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
74
True or False: Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
True
75
What is the theory of natural selection?
The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
76
What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
To speed up chemical reactions.
77
What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds
78
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment.
Homeostasis
79
What is the main function of the skeletal system?
Support and protect the body.
80
What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
A food chain shows a linear feeding relationship, while a food web shows interconnected food chains.
81
What is the term for the maximum population size that an environment can sustain?
Carrying capacity
82
True or False: Ecosystems only consist of living organisms.
False
83
What is the main component of the Earth's atmosphere?
Nitrogen
84
What is the process of erosion?
The wearing away of the Earth's surface by wind, water, or ice.
85
Fill in the blank: __________ are formed by the accumulation of sediment over time.
Sedimentary rocks
86
What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources?
Renewable resources can be replenished naturally, while non-renewable resources cannot.
87
What is the significance of the nitrogen cycle?
It recycles nitrogen in various forms through the ecosystem.
88
What is a biome?
A large geographical biotic unit, a major community of plants and animals with similar life forms and environmental conditions.
89
What is the primary source of energy for the Earth's climate system?
The Sun
90
True or False: All rocks can be classified into three main types.
True
91
What is the rock cycle?
The continuous process of rock formation, breakdown, and reformation.
92
What is the primary difference between igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Igneous rocks are formed from cooled magma, while metamorphic rocks are formed from existing rocks altered by heat and pressure.
93
What is the process of photosynthesis's chemical equation?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
94
Fill in the blank: __________ is the interaction between living organisms and their environment.
Ecology
95
What is a keystone species?
A species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance.
96
What is the main purpose of biodiversity conservation?
To protect and maintain the variety of life on Earth.
97
True or False: The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
True
98
What is the role of the circulatory system?
To transport blood, nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body.
99
What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?
Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the physical expression of that genotype.
100
Fill in the blank: __________ is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
Genetics
101
What is the function of the respiratory system?
To facilitate gas exchange, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide.
102
What is the primary role of fungi in an ecosystem?
Decomposition and nutrient cycling.
103
What is an ecosystem service?
The benefits that humans derive from ecosystems.
104
True or False: All ecosystems are self-contained.
False
105
What is the process of cellular respiration?
The process by which cells convert glucose into energy.
106
Fill in the blank: __________ are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
Producers
107
What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
To break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients.
108
What is a trophic level?
Each step in a food chain or food web.
109
What is biogeochemical cycling?
The movement of elements and compounds through living organisms and the environment.
110
True or False: Climate change does not affect biodiversity.
False
111
What is the significance of the ozone layer?
It protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
112
What are the primary greenhouse gases?
Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor.
113
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process of converting nitrogen gas into a usable form for plants.
Nitrogen fixation
114
What is the main cause of ocean acidification?
Increased carbon dioxide absorption by seawater.
115
What is the role of the integumentary system?
To protect the body and regulate temperature.
116
What is a biome characterized by low rainfall and extreme temperatures?
Desert
117
True or False: The lithosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth.
True
118
What is the main component of the Earth's crust?
Silicates
119
Fill in the blank: __________ are natural disasters that can result from tectonic activity.
Earthquakes
