POSI 2 - THORACIC VISCERA

Question 1

It is bounded by the walls of the thorax and extends from the superior thoracic aperture, where structures enter the thorax, to the inferior thoracic aperture. It is separated from the abdominal cavity by means of the diaphragm.

Answer 1

Thoracic Cavity

Question 2

The following are contained by the thoracic cavity EXCEPT:

A. Lungs and Heart

B. Organs of the Respiratory System

C. Organs of the Cardiovascular System

D. NOTA

Answer 2

D. NOTA

Question 3

Which determines the size, shape, position and movement of the internal organs.

Answer 3

Body Habitus

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE

Body habitus also outlines the general shape of the thorax and how each appears on radiograph of
the thoracic area

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

What are the three (3) separate chambers of the Thoracic Cavity ?

Answer 5

1. Single Pericardial Cavity
2. Right Pleural Cavity
3. Left Pleural Cavity

Question 6

It is the space between the two pleural cavities that contain all the thoracic structures except the lungs and pleura

Answer 6

Mediastinum

Question 7

A fibrous, muscular tube with 16 to 20 C-shaped cartilaginous rings embedded in its walls for greater rigidity, measuring approximately 1/2 inch (1.3 cm) in diameter and 4 1/2 inches (11 cm) in length, with flat posterior aspect.

Answer 7

Trachea

Question 8

It has walls where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs by diffusion.

Answer 8

Alveoli

Question 9

These are called as the “organs of respiration” which provide mechanism for introducing oxygen into the blood and removing carbon dioxide from the blood.

Answer 9

Lungs

Question 10

How many lobes does each lung have ?

Answer 10

Right Lung = 3 Lobes
Left Lung = 2 Lobes

Question 11

It contains the deep recesses of the parietal pleura.

Answer 11

Costophrenic Angle

Question 12

The lobes for each lung are divided by which respective type of fissures ?

Answer 12

Right Lung = Horizontal Fissures

Left Lung = Oblique Fissures

Question 13

In recumbent position, which causes the abdominal viscera and diaphragm to move superiorly and
compress the thoracic viscera preventing full expansion of
the lungs.

Answer 13

Gravitational Force

Question 13

In radiography of the heart and lungs, the patient is placed in the ______ position to depress diaphragm and
shows air and fluid levels.

A. Upright
B. Lateral
C. Recumbent
D. Oblique

Answer 13

A. Upright

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE

Right lateral projection is commonly employed because it places the heart closer to the IR resulting in less
magnification

Answer 13

FALSE

LEFT LATERAL projection is commonly employed because it places the heart closer to the IR resulting in less
magnification

Question 14

Which is considered as the most common projection used in all the lung and heart examination ?

A. AP
B. PA
C. Lateral
D. Oblique

Answer 14

B. PA

Question 15

Minimum SID for thoracic viscera/cavity imaging is equal to _____

Answer 15

72 Inches

Question 16

Why is the SID for thoracic imaging 72 inches ?

Answer 16

1. To Minimize Magnification of the Heart
2. To Obtain Greater Recorded Detail

Question 17

The IR for AP Projection of the Trachea is ______

Answer 17

10x12

Question 18

CR and RP for AP Trachea

Answer 18

CR = Perpendicular
RP = Manubrium

Question 19

An AP projection of the trachea shows what ?

A. Trachea in Profile

B. Outline of the Air-filled Trachea

C. No Tracheal Superimposition

D. Tracheal Superimposition

Answer 19

B. Outline of the Air-filled Trachea

Question 20

Which projection shows the air-filled trachea and the regions of the thyroid and thymus glands. Retrosternal extensions of the thyroid gland position)Thymic enlargement in infants (in the recumbent, opacified pharynx and upper esophagus, Outline of the trachea and bronchi, and is used for foreign body localization.

A. Lateral Projection of Trachea and Superior Mediastinum

B. Lateral Projection of Trachea

C. Lateral Projection of Superior Mediastinum

D. Oblique Projection of Trachea and Superior Mediastinum

Answer 20

A. Lateral Projection of Trachea and Superior Mediastinum

Question 21

This projection demonstrates the air-filled trachea and the apex of the lung closer to the IR

A. Grashey Method
B. Moore Method
C. Twining Method
D. Garth Method

Answer 21

C. Twining Method

Question 22

In chest PA, the CR should enter at the level of which thoracic vertebrae ?

A. T5
B. T6
C. T7
D. T8

Answer 22

C. T7

Question 23

Which chest projection is employed extensively to demonstrate the interlobar fissures, to differentiate the lobes, and to localize pulmonary lesions. A. PA B. Lateral C. PA Oblique D. AP Oblique

Answer 23

B. Lateral

Question 24

Which chest projection presents that the side of interest is generally the side farther from the IR; however, the lung closest to the IR is also imaged. A. PA B. Lateral C. PA Oblique D. AP Oblique

Answer 24

C. PA Oblique

Question 25

Which chest projection is used when the patient is too ill to be turned to the prone position and sometimes a supplementary positions in the investigation of specific lesion . They are also used with the recumbent patient in contrast studies of the heart and great vessels. A. PA B. Lateral C. PA Oblique D. AP Oblique

Answer 25

D. AP Oblique

Question 26

If an AP oblique projection for the chest is set, what is now the position ? A. LAO B. RAO C. RPO D. LPO

Answer 26

Either C or D (RPO/LPO)

Question 27

What is the degree of obliquity required for the patient during a chest x-ray ? A. 30 Degrees B. 35 Degrees C. 40 Degrees D. 45 Degrees

Answer 27

D. 45 Degrees

Question 28

Which chest projection is used when the patient is too ill to be turned to the prone position. It is sometimes used as a supplementary projection in the pulmonary lesions. A. PA B. AP C. PA Oblique D. AP Oblique

Answer 28

B. AP

Question 29

CR and RP of Chest AP

Answer 29

CR = Perpendicular to the Long Axis of the Sternum RP = 3 Inches below the Jugular Notch

Question 30

TRUE OR FALSE An AP projection of the chest shows the heart and great vessels magnified, as well as engorged.

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

The Lordotic Position for Pulmonary Apices is also called as: A. Lindblom Method B. Mindblown Method C. Lindblown Method D. Mindblom Method

Answer 31

A. Lindblom Method

Question 32

This projection is used to demonstrate the apices of the lungs and conditions such as interlobar effusions. A. AP and Axial Projection B. AP and Axial Oblique Projection- Lordotic Position C. Lateral D. Oblique

Answer 32

B. AP and Axial Oblique Projection Lordotic

Question 33

This projection projects the apices above the shadows of the clavicles A. AP Axial Projection B. AP Projection C. PA Axial Projection D. AP Projection

Answer 33

C. PA Axial Projection

Question 34

What is the angle for an axial projection of the apices ? A. 10-15 Degrees Cephalad B. 15-20 Degrees Cephalad C. 10-15 Degrees Caudad D. 15-20 Degrees Caudad

Answer 34

B. 15-20 Degrees Cephalad

Question 35

This position demonstrates the change in fluid position and reveals any previously obscured pulmonary areas or in the case of suspected pneumothorax, the presence of any free air. A. AP B. Ventral Decubitus C. Dorsal Decubitus D. Lateral Decubitus

Answer 35

D. Lateral Decubitus

Question 36

Which projection shows a change in position of fluid and reveals pulmonary area that are obscured by the fluid in standard projections ? A. AP B. Ventral Decubitus C. Dorsal Decubitus D. Lateral Decubitus

Answer 36

Either B or C (Ventral or Dorsal Decubitus)

Question 37

What is the CR if a Decubitus position is performed for the Lungs and Pleura

Answer 37

Horizontal and Perpendicular

Question 38

RP for Lungs and Pleura

Answer 38

AP and Ventral Decubitus = 3 Inches Below the Jugular Notch PA and Dorsal Decubitus = T7