positions Flashcards
(24 cards)
RAO Position: Esophagogram
Structures, foreign bodies, anatomic anomalies, and neoplasms of the esophagus.
14x17
Rotate 35 to 40 degrees from prone position.
Align midline of thorax in the oblique position to midline of IR.
Place top of IR about 2” above level of shoulders
CR—T5 or T6 (2” to 3” inferior to jugular notch)
Esophagus should be visible between the vertebral column and heart. RAO provides better visibility than LAO.
Lateral Position: Esophagogram
foreign bodies, anatomic anomalies, and neoplasms of the esophagus.
14 x 17
Top of IR about 2” above level of shoulders.
CR –to level of T5 or T6 (2” to 3 “ inferior to jugular notch)
entire esophagus is seen between thoracic spine and heart.
AP (PA) Projection: Esophagogram
foreign bodies, anatomic anomalies
14 X 17
KVP 100-125
Place top of IR about 2” above top of shoulders
CR to MSP, 3” inferior to jugular notch
Tight collimation 5” to 6”
entire esophagus is filled with barium
LAO Position: Esophagogram
foreign bodies, anatomic anomalies
14 x 17
KVP 100-125
Rotate patient 35 to 40 degrees from a PA, with the left anterior body against the table.
Place top of IR 2” above level of shoulders
CR to level of T5 or T6 (2” to 3” inferior to jugular notch)
Esophagus is seen between region of lungs and thoracic spine, entire esophagus is filled with contrast medium.
RAO Position: Upper GI Series
Ideal for polyps and ulcers of the pylorus, duodenal bulb and c-loop of the duodenum
11 x 14
100 to 125 KV
From prone rotate 40 to 70 degrees with right anterior body against IR or table. More rotation for heavier patients and less for thin.
CR—Sthenic—at duodenal bulb at level of L1 (1” to 2” above lower lateral rib margin) midway between spine and upside lateral border of abdomen, 45 to 55 degrees oblique.
CR–Asthenic (very thin) center about 2” below level of L1, 40 degrees oblique.
CR–Hypersthenic–center about 2 “ above level of L1 and nearer to midline, 70 degrees oblique
entire stomach and c-loop of duodenum are visible
PA Projection: Upper GI Series
Polyps, diverticula, bezoars
11 x 14 or 14 x 17 if small bowel is to be included
100 - 125 KV
Sthenic type: center CR and IR to level of pylorus and duodenal bulb at level of L1 (1” to 2” above lower lateral rib margin) and about 1” left of the vertebral column.
Asthenic: center about 2” below level of L1
Hypersthenic: center about 2” above level of L1 and nearer midline.
entire stomach and duodenum are visible
Right Lateral Position: Upper GI Series
Pathologic processess of the retrogastric space (space behind the stomach)
11 x 14
KV 100 - 125
Sthenic type–L1 (lower level of the ribs) and 1 1/2” anterior to midcoronal plane (near midway between anterior border of vertebrae and anterior abdomen)
Hypersthenic center about 2” above L1
Asthenic: center about 2” below L1.
Entire stomach and duodenum are visible.
LPO Position: Upper GI Series
11 x 14
100 - 125 KV
rotate from 30 to 60 degrees
Hypersthenic: center 2” above L1, 60 degrees oblique
Asthenic: center about 2” below L1 and nearer to midline, 30 degrees oblique
Entire stomach and duodenum are visible,
AP Projection: Upper GI Series
14 x 17
100 to 125 KV
Bottom of 11 x 14 should be at the level of iliac crest
CR Hypersthenic: center about 2” above L1
Asthenic -Cr about 2” below and nearer to midline
entire stomach and duodenum are visible
PA or AP Projection: Barium Enema
Obstruction, including Ileus, volvulus, and intussusception
14 x 17
KV 100 to 125
CR to iliac Crest
Entire large intestines, including the the left colic flexure, should be visible.
RAO Position: Barium Enema
Obstructions
14 x 17
100 - 125
35 to 45 degrees rotation
CR—1” left of the MSP
to the level of iliac crest
The right colic flexure and the ascending and sigmoid colon are seen “open” without significant superimposition.
LAO Position: Barium Enema
Obstructions
14 x 17
100-125 KV
Semiprone rotated into 35 to 45 degree rotation
CR 1” to the right of MSP
Center CR and IR to 1” to 2” above iliac crest
The left colic flexure should be seen open withot significant superimposition
LPO and RPO Positions: Barium Enema
Obstructions
14 x 17
100- 125 KV
Patient is semisupine rotated 35 to 45 degrees into right and left posterior obliques
CR angle CR and center of IR to level of iliac crests and about 1” lateral to elevated side of MSP
LPO the right colic (hepatic) flexure
RPO the left colic (splenic) flexure
Lateral Rectum Position or Ventral Decubitus Lateral: Barium Enema
polyps
10 x 12
100-125 KV
CR level of anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and midcoronal plane (midway between ASIS and posterior sacrum)
Rectosignoid region is demonstrated
Right Lateral Decubitus Position: (AP or PA):
Barium Enema–Double Contrast
Polyps
14 x 17
90-100 KV
level of iliac crest and MSP
entire large intestine is demonstrated to include air-filled colic flexure and descending colon.
Left lateral Decubitus Position: (AP or PA):
Barium Enema–
Polyps
CR level of iliac crest and MSP
90-100 KV
entire large intestine is demonstrated, with air filled right colic flexure, ascending colon, and cecum
PA (AP) Projection–Postevacuation: Barium Enema
Mucosal pattern of the large intestine
14 x 17
90-100 KV
CR to the iliac Crest
entire large intestine should be visualized with only a residual amount of contrast
AP projection (Scout and Series)
Intravenous (Excretory) Urography
abnormal calcifications
14 x 17
75-80 KV
CR iliac crest and midsagittal plane
Nephogram–center midway between xiphoid process and iliac crest
entire urinary system is visualized from upper renal shadows to distal urinary bladder.
Nephrotomography and Nephrography:
Intravenous (Excretory) Urography
demonstrates conditions of trauma to the renal parenchyma
Nephrogram–one single AP radiograph taken within 60 seconds
11 x 14
75 to 80 KV
10 degree angle most popular
40 degree angle
center between xiphoid process and iliac crest
Entire Renal parenchyma is visualized with some filling of collecting system with contrast.
RPO and LPO Positions: Intravenous (Excretory) Urography
sings of infection or trauma
14 x 17
75-80 KV
Rotate body 30 degrees for both R and L posterior obliques.
CR iliac crest and vertebral column
the kidney on elevated side is placed on profile and the downside ureter is projected away from spine
AP Projection: Intravenous (excretory) Urography
Postvoid
Position may demonstrate enlarged prostrate or prolapse of bladder.
14 x 17
75 to 80 KV
Center to iliac crest and midsagittal plane
1” lower for larger patients to ensure that bladder is included
entire urinary system is included.
AP Projection: Intravenous (excretory) Urography
Ureteric Compression
conditions involving the collecting system of the kidney
11 x 14
75-80 KV
Center midway between xiphoid process and iliac crests
entire urinary system visualized with enhanced pelvic calyceal filling.
AP Projection: LPO and RPO Positions: Lateral Position
(Optional) Cystography
Signs of cystitus and obstructions
14 X 17
75 to 80 KV
45 to 60 degrees body rotation (steep oblique positions are used to visualize posterolateral aspect of the bladder, especially UV.
AP
CR 2” superior to symphysis publis with 10 to 15 degrees caudad tube angle.
Posterior Oblique
2” superior to symphysis pubis and 2” medial to ASIS
Lateral 2” superior and posterior to symphysis pubis
distal ureters, urinary gladder, and proximal urethra on males.
RPO 30 degrees Position–Male
AP projection–Female
Voiding–Cystourethrography
a functional study of the urinary bladder and urethra demonstrates the cause of urinary retention
10 x 12
Male–oblique body 30 degrees into the RPO
Female–AP
CR–symphysis pubis
contrast filled urinary bladder and urethra are visualized
