Positive Youth Coaching Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the 5 Cs of Development?
Competence, Character, Connection, Confidence and Caring (6th is Contribution)
What kinds of development does positive youth development entail?
Physical, intellectual, psychological, and social
Who outlined the 5 Cs?
Lerner et al 2000
What are the features of a positive development setting?
- Physical + Psychological Safety
- Appropriate Structure
- Supportive Relationships
- Opportunities to Belong
- Positive Social norms
- Support for efficacy and mattering
- Opportunities for skill building
- Integration of family, school and community efforts
What are the physical benefits of youth sport participation?
- Enhanced motor skills, aerobic fitness, strength and flexibility
- Healthier bones muscles and joints
- Lower obesity
- Lower risk of PA related health conditions in adulthood
who wrote the 8 features of a positive development setting?
NRCIM 2002
Who stated the physical and psycho-behavioural benefits and risks of youth sport participation?
Fraser-Thomas et al 2005
What are the psycho-behavioural benefits of youth sports participation?
- Enhanced learning and academic performance, greater career success in adulthood
- Improved confidence, self esteem, well being, happiness and quality of life
- Reduced stress and depression
- Lower risk of drug use, smoking and delinquency
What are the risks of youth sport participation?
- Increased injury rates and eating disorders
- Negative experiences could lower self esteeem/confidence, cause stress and burnout and lower PA
- Aggressive and violent behaviour, or crime, neglect to schooling due to sense of entitlement
What two factors affect positive development?
- The underlying philosophy, aims and structure of a sport
- The attitudes of key adult figures (coaches, parents, etc.)
Who outlined the two factors affecting positive development?
- Camire et al 2011
What are the two different philosophies/structures of sport programs?
- Professional
- Developmental
What is the professional model of youth sports?
- Goal is athletic excellence
- Early entry/specialisation, deliberate pracice, regular testing and evaluation
- Quality of sport experience is secondary to winning
Who outlined the two different models of sport structure?
-Smith, Smoll and Cumming 2007
What is the developmental model of youth sports?
- Sport is educational passtime
- Goals are enjoyment and positive development
- Developmentally appropriate; emphasis on diversification and deliberate play
- Striving to win, not winning, is the aim
What is the impact of operating in a ‘professional model’ sport structure?
- Less enjoyment, greater stress, fear of failure, burnout, depression
- Overemphasis on competition, excessive pressure and lack of fun cited as main reasons for dropout
Who described the impact of professional model sport structures?
Fraser-thomas et al 2005, and Cote et al 2002
What are the 8 guidelines for positive coaching outlined by Smith Smoll and Curtis in 1979?
- Reinforce effort as much as results
- Provide technical instruction and demonstrations
- Encourage and correct players following mistakes
- Use encouragement selectively
- Maintain order via clear expectations
- Don’t punish following mistakes
- Don’t correct in a hostile manner
- Don’t constantly nag
What method is taught by Smith Smoll and Curtis (1979) to improve coaching for positive development?
CET; Coach Effectiveness Training
What other method developed by Smith Smoll and Cumming (2007) updates CET to include achievement goal theory?
MAC; Mastery Approach to Coaching
What is competitive engineering?
-Adapting sport structures, facilities, equipment and/or rules to promote a more positive and supportive competitive environment
What areas of sport can be altered in competitive engineering?
- Structure
- Facilities
- Equipment
- Rules
Give an example of competitive engineering being effective at enhancing positive youth development
Burton et al 2012: Competitive engineering in junior american football decreased dropout from 39 to 17 percent.
Define Positive Youth Development
Optimal development enables youth to lead happy, satisfying and productive lives
