Post-Absorptive Mechanisms, Macronutrient Inter-conversion & Energy Balance Flashcards
Which three cell types can store glucose and which two cannot?
Three that can: Liver, Skeletal muscle and Adipocytes
Two that cannot: erythrocytes and brain
What two things is glucose converted into in the Liver?
Glycogen and Acetyl CoA
What can Acetyl Co-A be converted into? What do they combine with to produce?
Triglycerides
Combine to protein to produce VDDL ( Very Low Density Lipoprotein)
Which two types of cells is Glycogen stored primarily?
Liver and Skeletal Muscle
What hormone promotes the uptake of insulin into cells?
Insulin
What do erythrocytes convert Glucose into for energy? Why?
Pyruvate
No Mitochondria is present
What Happens to the Pyruvate in the erythrocyte?
Converted into Lactate or diffuses outwards
What two substances is Glucose converted into in Adipocytes?
ATP (for energy)
Triglycerides (for storage)
What is a Chylomicron?
A type of Lipoprotein
Where do Chylomicrons travel?
In the Lymphatic system then back into circulatory system
How long is short fasting? What is process is used for energy?
Hours to Overnight
Glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen)
How long is long fasting? What process is used for energy?
Many hours
Gluconeogenesis
How long is prolonged fasting/ starvation? What is Primarily used for energy and by which process?
4/5 days+
Lipids by Lipolysis
3 Substances used in Gluconeogenesis
Lactate
Amino Acids
Glycerol
Products of Lipolysis
Glycerol and fatty acids
What is Glycerol converted into during fasting? Where does this occur?
Converted into Glucose in the Liver
What are Fatty acids converted into in the Liver during fasting? Which can be used for what function?
Ketones
Used as energy
During prolonged Fasting what do each of the Brain and Erythrocytes use primarily for energy?
Brain- Ketones
Erythrocytes- Glucose
What are the three Adrenal Hormones involved in fuel metabolism?
Cortisol (preparation for stress response)
Adrenaline (Fight or flight)
Noradrenaline
What is the Thyroid hormone involved in regulating fuel metabolism? Function in Metabolism
Thyroxine
General control of metabolism (Metabolic rate)
What are the two Hormones released by the Pituitary gland in fuel metabolism?
Growth hormone
Somatostatin
What type of function does Insulin have? Three functions involved with this
Anabolic function:
-Glycogen storage
-Fat storage
-Protein Synthesis
What type of function does Glucagon have? What are Three processes involved with this function?
Catabolic function:
-Glycogenesis
-Gluconeogenesis
-Ketogenesis
What is Basal Metabolic rate?
Amount of energy required to perform vital functions
