post colonialism

Question 1

who are 5 key scholars and the year they were published

Answer 1

edward siad 1978, spival 1988, krishna 2009, fanon 1961, gramsci

Question 2

what was edward siad’s philosophy

Answer 2

he created the concept of orientalism:
- how the east is portrayed in western media and how this image is maintained
- represents europe as civilized and the rest as barbaric
- the west defines itself against everyone else, its a way of imagining the rest of the world which justifies imperialism

Question 3

what was spivaks main philosophy

Answer 3

• created the idea of the ‘subaltern’, marginalized groups excluded from global politics
• asked who has voice and agency on the international level

Question 4

what was krishna’s main contributions

Answer 4

• critiques IR for ignoring the colonial past of the international system and how that still affects IR today
• argues sovereignty and statehood are deeply shaped by colonization

Question 5

what were fanons main contributions

Answer 5

• colonialism is not only physical (economic and political) but also psychological
• there has been social and cultural destruction through racism and imperialism
• calls for violent revolution against the colonizers

Question 6

what is gramsci’s contribution to post colonialism

Answer 6

• power is exercised on the subaltern not just through force but also culture and identity

Question 7

what is the main focus of post colonialism

Answer 7

• takes a bottom up approach
• argues colonialism is still around today, colonial power persists through capitalism and institutions
• studies how inequality was created and is still maintained
• critiques the west being held as a role model

Question 8

what are some examples of neo-colonialism

Answer 8

• liberal intervention in the middle east
• french troops staying in ghana after independence
• colonial border drawing
• humanitarian intervention can act as cover for political or economic interests

Question 9

what is the post colonial view on traditional IR theory

Answer 9

• to abstracted from reality, only focuses on western states
• depicts the 19th century as peaceful but ignores imperialism

Question 10

what does post colonialism aim to include in IR

Answer 10

• bring the subaltern to attention
• challenge the focus on the west and great powers

Question 11

how does the post colonial critique view power in the international system

Answer 11

• the system is not a reality but a theatre with more powerful actors than others
• how did colonialism create this imbalance of power

Question 12

what is the post colonial view on the state

Answer 12

• challenges the separation of the domestic and international
• state is a western construct
• there is systemic inequaity

Question 13

what is the post colonial view on sovereignty

Answer 13

• who gives sovereignty and is it fixed
• who has the power to break sovereignty

Question 14

whats the post colonial view on the marginalisation of women of colour

Answer 14

• second wave feminism emerged out of women in a position of power
• women experience sexism in different ways depending on race, class and ethnicity

Question 15

how does post colonial IR suggest we work towards a more global IR

Answer 15

• pluralist universalism: recognize diversity amongst nations and seek to find common ground
• give centre stage to regions, how do they shape the world order
• challenge existing theories and norms

Question 16

what are some post and de colonial approaches

Answer 16

• seek to understand the perspective of the colonized and formerly colonized
• imperialism and colonialism are structures of power which influence other forms of power
• challenge the west for its moral responsibility for inequality

Question 17

what did Sabaratnam 2023 contribute to post colonialism

Answer 17

ways in which the West became wealthier are now effectively banned by international agreements and treaties