Post Midterm Fun Facts Flashcards
(58 cards)
what is sydenham’s Chorea? (autoimmune)
A significant feature several month after rheumatic fever associated with inflammation of basal ganglia
Often unilateral; age of onset is b/w 5-15 y/o; recovery usually good within 6 weeks
What does the NCV test?
used to measure the speed of electrical conduction through a nerve
if there is a deficit it can help determine if there are any nerve damage or destruction exists
In GBS, there is demyelination of peripheral axons which begins several weeks after viral respiratory/GI infection. This results in peripheral neuropathy, what would a conduction velocity test show?
Demyelination –> marked slowing of motor and sensory
respiratory support is often needed until the schwann cells can successfully re-myelinate the nerves
How does Amygdala increase cortisol? what happens to cortisol in the presence of the hippocampus?
Amygdala increases Cortisol via hypothalamopitutitary axis
Hippocampus decreases cortisol via hypothalamopitutitary axis
In general what does an EEG show?
Continous spikes
Location and function of the gracile fasciculus and cunate fasciculus
Gracile Fasciculus –> lower limbs
Cunate Fasciculus –> upper limbs
part of the Dorsal Column/Medial Lemniscus system
C2,C6,C7,C8 dermatones?
C2 –> back of head
C6 –> thumb
C7 –> middle finger
C8 –> little finger
what is myotonia congenita (chloride channel syndrome)
Cl channel deficit
Autosomal dominant low expression of chloride channels in the muscle membrane (Cl channels allow Cl influx to keep membrane potential below threshold)
Slow relaxation of muscles (due to repetitive firing of muscle fibers after nerve stimulation ends)
what are the symptoms associated with myotonia congenita?
increased excitability of muscle (smaller depolarization is required to evoke an action potential)
K accumulation in transverse tubule system leads to spontaneous firing of muscle
Muscle stiffness and hypertrophy
Parkinson’s Disease hypokinesis, is due to what? (substantia nigra DA deficiency)
diminished release of striatal dopamine secondary to degeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal tract.
Produces diminished activation of excitatory D1 receptors reduces striatal output within the direct basal gangliar pathway.
what are some classic parkinsons symptoms? (striatum loss of D2 receptors)
resting tremor bradykinesia hyposmia autonomic dysfunction rapid eye movement sleep disorder facial masking
Treatments for parkinsons ?
L-dopa and peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors
Agonists of striatal dopamine receptors
Drugs that enhance striatal dopamine release
Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase (MAO-B)
Inhibitors of Catechol-O-methyl Transferase (COMT)
Anticholinergics
Surgery and deep brain stimulation
Huntington symptoms?
Neuronal degeneration of the striato-pallidal neurons expressing D2 receptors (changes activity within the indirect pathway)
AD inheritance
what does Huntington disease first appear with?
Emotional Dysregulation
what are the treatments for huntingtons disease?
therapies have proven ineffective in delaying onset or slowing of progression of this lethal condition
Treatment is thus symptom based
explain lambert eaton disease?
Autoimmune disease, where circulating antibodies are directed against voltage gated Ca2+ channels in motor neuron terminals (these antibodies cross link the calcium channels)
Reduced ACh release
what is seen on the EMG of lambert eaton syndrome?
waxing, improvement with repeated stimulation
Syringomyelia (central medullary syndrome) results in what?
deficit in pain/temp sensation below (2 levels) of the lesion
Proxima;/Distal/Flexion, Extension –> General location in the spinal cord?
Flexion= dorsal extension= ventral proximal = medial distal = lateral
Alzheimers Loss of Function?
Loss of memory –> dressing/incontinence –> speech/walking communication
A young girl was brought into the ER and her EEG showed spikes and she was having continous seizure activity without any obvious structural damage. what is the initial dx?
Epileptic status
On a hypnogram, what does old person present with?
old person = less NREM4
mostly stay in stage 2
What are three types of seizures and some features, each card will go through one. 1–>
- Primary (idiopathic) –> results from constitutional or genetic disposition, where threshold for seizure is below normal
No Aura or focal symptoms with both hemispheres involved which can be with or without convulsions
Petit mal absence seizure –> 10 second absence of motor activity without postictal period to follow
2nd type of seizure?
- Secondary (focal and symptomatic) –> results from known pathogenic lesion or disease process
may be intracranial or extracranial
may be a focal lesion or diffuse generalized process or disturbance of brain function
