Post WWII and Cold War

Question 0

Yalta Conference

Answer 0

meeting of the Allies to determine the future of post war Europe folowing the defeat of Germany. Some people believe that a sick Roosevelt gave in to Stalin’s demands to control the liberated nations of Eastern Europe.

Question 1

Cold War

Answer 1

the period of intense political and military rivalry between the United States and Rusia— Capitalism and communism, Democrazy and dictatorship that existed between 1945 and 1991. The two nations avoided direct conflict between their forces.

Question 2

Potsdam Conference

Answer 2

Truman did not reveal the existence of the atomic bomb to stalin, although he clearly knew of the efforts to build the weapon.

Question 3

satellite nations

Answer 3

nations especially in Eastern Europe, whose policies and governments were controlled by Russia. These included Poland, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, and East Germany

Question 4

Iron Curtain

Answer 4

The Russians cutting the nations of Eastern Europe from all contact/ information with the west

Question 5

Marshall Plan

Answer 5

US aid of well over 13 billion dollars in 4 years to help rebuild Europe’s economies and restore faith in capitalism

Question 6

containment

Answer 6

US would aid any country threatened by communist takeover

Question 7

appeasement

Answer 7

want to maintain peace

Question 8

NATO

Answer 8

a military alliance of the Western powers to resist the spread of communism

Question 9

Warsaw Pact

Answer 9

russia formed this with its satellites as a balance

Question 10

West Berlin

Answer 10

To pressure the West the Russians and East Germans closed access to West Berline attempting to starve it of vital supplies and force its submission.

Question 11

Berlin Airlift

Answer 11

US flying vital fuel and food into West Berlin over a communist blockade

Question 12

arms race

Answer 12

competition between the United States and Soviet Union to create more powerful armed forces and weapons especially nuclear bombs

Question 13

Nationalist Government in china

Answer 13

government of chiange kai-shek ( chinese nationalist leader supported by US, defeated by chinese communists and forced to flee to taiwan

Question 14

Mao Zedong

Answer 14

leader of chinese communists rules china from 1948-1976

Question 15

Taiwan

Answer 15

island to which Chinese Nationalists fled following communist takeover; recognized for many years as “china” by the US; still protected by US

Question 16

Red China

Answer 16

chinese communists

Question 17

North Korea

Answer 17

communist controlled half of Korean Peninsula

Question 18

South Korea

Answer 18

American supported, non-communist country

Question 19

Kim Il-Sung

Answer 19

leader of North Korea who established a dictatorship that has passed through his family. Kim Johng-un is his grandson

Question 20

Mahatma Gandhi

Answer 20

Indian independence leader known for his advocacy of non-violence

Question 21

India and Pakistan

Answer 21

When Great Britain realized they could no longer keep up their enormous colonial empire they agreed to independence for India but the ethnic difference between the muslims and hindus caused the partition of the subcontinent

Question 22

Ho Chi Minh

Answer 22

led the communist movement in vietname and fought both the French and the Japanese.

Question 23

Dien Bien Phu

Answer 23

the french and their supporters suffered a major defeat in this battle agains the vietnamese communist party

Question 24

North Viet Nam

Answer 24

became a communist state under Ho Chi Minh

Question 25

South Viet Nam

Answer 25

supported by Western Powers

Question 26

Viet Cong

Answer 26

communist rebellion in the south supported from the north broke out and these communist insurgents were known as the viet cong

Question 27

Berlin Wall

Answer 27

a barrier patrolled by guards to prevent movement between east and west

Question 28

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Answer 28

banning the above ground testing of atomic weapons

Question 29

Nuclear Non- proliferation Treaty

Answer 29

promise by more than 190 countries not to develop or acquire nuclear weapons

Question 30

non-aligned nation

Answer 30

india announced itself as this meaning that it supported neither the United States nor the Soviet Union

Question 31

President Richard Nixon

Answer 31

opened relations with Red China.

Question 32

South Africa

Answer 32

became an outcast because of apartheid

Question 33

apartheid

Answer 33

policy of strict racial segregation of non-European races that maintainted white political and economic dominance. Laws were enforced by harsh punishment

Question 34

Nelson Mandela

Answer 34

led the opposition to end the apartheid. In 190 the apartheid laws began to be repealed, in 1994 mandela won free elections to become the first African President of South Africa.

Question 35

Iran

Answer 35

the United States suffered a major setback here because they had long supported the sha but protests began against the shah

Question 36

Shah

Answer 36

ruled iran as an autocratic monarch, his government was corrupt but it permitted western ifluences and followed a pro american policies.

Question 37

Ayatollah Khomeni

Answer 37

the leading moslem cleric that lead the protests against the shah

Question 38

Theocracy

Answer 38

government controlled by the clergy who claimed god's authority (what Iran became after the shah fled

Question 39

Taliban

Answer 39

afghan political group that believes in strict enforcement of moslem law

Question 40

Mikhail Gorbachev

Answer 40

Political leader of Russia during part of the Cold War. Eventually withdraws from communist forces in Afghanistan

Question 41

glasnost

Answer 41

increased freedoms for soviet citizens, including greater freedom of speech

Question 42

perestroika

Answer 42

Gorbachev's attempt to reform Russian communism, including some levels of private ownership to improve the economy

Question 43

globilization

Answer 43

a process of wordwide integration in which cultural trends, political view, products, and goods are exchanged rapidly

Question 44

China

Answer 44

emerged as a powerful economic power because they started permitting some elements of capitalism within a communist political structure, which resulted in massive growth.

Question 45

Zionism

Answer 45

desire for a Jewish homeland

Question 46

Balfour Declaration

Answer 46

English Foreign Secretary in 1917 wrote a private letter that supported establishment of a Jewish state so long as the rights of non-jewish residents were protected

Question 47

UN Partition Plan

Answer 47

proposed the boundaries of Jewish and Palestinian states. one for jews and the other for palestinians, but the plan didnt recognize both the jews and palestinians interests and caused a civil war.

Question 48

Jerusalem

Answer 48

a holy city to Jews, christians and muslims

Question 49

Six Day War and Yom Kippur War

Answer 49

Israelis and Arab states fought these wars and all ended in israeli victories and additions to the territories controlled by israel most totably jerusalem.

Question 50

PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)

Answer 50

Palestinians formed the PLO which endorsed the use of terrorism.

Question 51

terrorism

Answer 51

the use of violence including attacks on civilians to achieve a political end. This is not a universally accepted definition, none exists

Question 52

Limited war

Answer 52

a war conducted with less than a nation's total resources and restricted in aim to less than total defeat of the enemy; a war restricted to a relatively small area of the world and involving few warring nations.

Question 53

domino theory

Answer 53

the belief that if one nation fell to communism its neighbors would quickly follow

Question 54

Tet offensive

Answer 54

Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops infiltrated deep into the south and seized major cities before being driven back

Question 55

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Answer 55

authorized the president to employ american military power in southest asia without a formal declaration of war.

Question 56

Fidel Castro

Answer 56

overthrew a dictatorship that had been supported by american businessmen and after taking power castro showed his communist sympathies and nationalized (took as government properties) properties previously owned by americans.

Question 57

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Answer 57

Cuban refugees aided by the CIA attempted to invade Cuba but were completely defeated and captured.

Question 58

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 58

The russians began to secretly transport missiles to bases being constructed on the island. when these were detected by the american military the cuban missile crisis began