Posterior Abd. Wall and the Urinary System

Question 1

What are the two lines that designate the posterior boundary of the abdominal wall?

Answer 1

the mid-dorsal lines

just lateral to the QL

Question 2

What muscle is contained within the anterior and middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia?

Answer 2

QL

Question 3

What muscles are contained by the middle and posterior layers of the thoracolumbar fascia?

Answer 3

The erector spinae:

iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis

Question 4

What muscles attach to the thoracolumbar fascia?

Answer 4

trapezius muscle, latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus and the hamstrings

Question 5

What abdominal/back muscles does the erector spinae attach to?

Answer 5

The fascia houses the quadratus lumborum, transversospinalis, spinal erectors (erector spinae) and multifidus muscles and their tendons, among other intrinsic muscles of the posterior thoracic and lumbar regions.

Question 6

What goes through the median arcuate ligament?

Answer 6

the abdominal aorta

Question 7

What muscles go deep to the medial arcuate lig. ?

Answer 7

psoas muscles

Question 8

What does the median arcuate ligament demarcate the transition of?

Answer 8

the transition from the thoracic aorta to the abdominal aorta

Question 9

What ligament does the quadratus lumborum pass deep to?

Answer 9

The lateral arcuate ligament

Question 10

What are the three openings in the diaphgram?

Answer 10

caval opening - IVC - T8

esophageal hiatus - T10 esophagus, parasympathetic (vagal trunks)

aortic hiatus- T12 descending aorta, thoracic duct

Question 11

vertebral level of the caval opening in the diaphragm

Answer 11

T8

Question 12

vertebral level of the esophageal hiatus

Answer 12

T10

Question 13

vertebral level of the aortic hiatus

Answer 13

T12

Question 14

What passes through the aortic hiatus along with the descending aorta?

Answer 14

the thoracic duct

Question 15

What two nerves from the lumbar plexus have mixed sensory or full sensory function?

Answer 15

-the genitofemoral nerve
-the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 16

What do the nerves of the lumbar plexus carry - the nerves that are not only sensory ?

Answer 16

sensory, motor info, post-ganglionic sympathetic

Question 17

What nerves traverse the QL?

Answer 17

iliohypogastric n.

ilioinguinal n.

Question 18

Over what muscle does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve go superficial to?

Answer 18

iliacus

Question 19

What muscle does the genitofemoral branch pierce before bifurcating into the gential and femoral branches?

Answer 19

the psoas major

Question 20

What ms. is the lateral femoral cutenaous nerve deep to?

Answer 20

psoas major and minor

Question 21

What ms is the obturator nerve medial to?

Answer 21

psoas major

Question 22

What artery and vein runs anterior to the ureter?

Answer 22

gonadal

Question 23

What are the 4 components of the urinary sytsem?

Answer 23

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

Question 24

What vessels and anatomical structures extend out of the renal hylum?

Answer 24

renal pelvis–> ureter
renal artery and vein

Question 25

What do multiple minor calices of the kidney make up?

Answer 25

a major calyx

Question 26

What is in between two renal pyramids?

Answer 26

renal column

Question 27

What is deep to the renal capsule, on the outside border of the kidney?

Answer 27

the renal cortex

Question 28

What is the apex of the renal pyramid called?

Answer 28

renal papilla

Question 29

What is the renal medulla?

Answer 29

The renal or kidney medulla is the inner part of the kidney. The medulla helps regulate the concentration of urine by filtering out water, salts, and acid. consists of a series of renal pyramids, which appear striated because they contain straight tubular structures and blood vessels

Question 30

Why are the renal arteries considered end arteries?

Answer 30

when they make it to the kidney they only branch but never anastomose

Question 31

Parasympathetic autonomic innervation of the kidney:

Answer 31

Vagus (CN X) > esophageal plexus > post vagal trunk > celiac ganglion & plexus > renal nerve plexus > kidney (synapse)

Question 32

Sympathetic autonomic innervation of the kidney:

Answer 32

Lesser splanchnic (T10-11) or least splanchnic (T12) > aorticorenal ganglion (synapse) > renal nerve plexus > kidney

Question 33

Is the testicular artery anterior or posterior to the ureter?

Answer 33

anterior as the testes descends during development, the testicular artery descends anterior to the ureter

Question 34

Intravenous pyelogram

Answer 34

An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) uses x-rays to take pictures of the organs of your urinary tract. These are the organs that make urine (pee) and remove it from your body. They include your: Kidneys, two organs located below the rib cage, one on each side of your spine

Question 35

renal pelvis

Answer 35

the area at the center of the kidney. Urine collects here and is funneled into the ureter, the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder.

Question 36

Sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder

Answer 36

(preganglionic cell bodies in the sympathetic chain) T10-12, L1-2 > lumbar splanchnic > superior /inferior hypogastric plexus > inferior hypogastric plexus (synapse) > wall relaxation (filling of bladder)

Question 37

Parasympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder

Answer 37

S2-4 > pelvic splanchnic > inferior hypogastric plexus > wall (synapse; contraction needed to reject urine from external urethral sphincter) postgang para neurons innervate smooth ms. of urinary bladder--> release of urine

Question 38

Is the urinary bladder post. or ant. to the pubic symphysis?

Answer 38

posterior

Question 39

Where is the trigone located?

Answer 39

posterior inferior at the bottom of the bladder * COMMON SITE OF URINARY STONE FORMATION

Question 40

length of urethra male vs female

Answer 40

male: 20 cm female: 4 cm

Question 41

Trigone definition/what structures is it formed by?

Answer 41

on top- two ureteric orifices on the bottom- one internal urethral orifice a smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice ** common site of urinary stone formation