Posterior and Superior Mediastinum

Question 1

Superior Boundary of Mediastinum

Answer 1

Thoracic Inlet

Question 2

Inferior Boundary of Mediastinum

Answer 2

Diaphragm

Question 3

Sternal Angle

Answer 3

Found at level of T4/T5. Boundary between superior and middle mediastinum. Point where trachea bifurcates, anteriorly boundary between ascending aorta and arch of aorta, posteriorly boundary between arch of aorta and descending aorta.

Question 4

Boundary between superior and middle mediastinum

Answer 4

Sternal Angle

Question 5

Structures found on right side of mediastinum

Answer 5

Pericardium, lung roots, inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, azygos system, phrenic, vagus and sympathetic trunk, trachea and esophagus

Question 6

Location of phrenic nerve relative to lung root

Answer 6

Anterior to root of lung

Question 7

Location of vagus nerve relative to trachea

Answer 7

Lateral to trachea

Question 8

Location of vagus nerve relative to lung root

Answer 8

Posterior to root of lung

Question 9

Rami Communicantes

Answer 9

Communicating branches of sympathetic trunk with intercostal nerves

Question 10

Greater Splanchnic Nerve

Answer 10

Part of sympathetic trunk, carries sympathetic fibers to the abdomen.

Question 11

Structures found on left side of mediastinum

Answer 11

Pericardium, root of lungs, aorta, phrenic vagus and sympathetic chain, left superior intercostal vein

Question 12

Location of phrenic nerve relative to aortic arch

Answer 12

Runs across it

Question 13

Location of vagus nerve relative to aortic arch

Answer 13

loops around it and forms the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 14

Branches of aorta, both right and left

Answer 14

On right: brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid comes off of brachiocephalic trunk; on left: common carotid artery and left subclavian artery

Question 15

Morphology of right primary bronchi

Answer 15

Stubbier, thicker, larger, more transversely angled; shorter then left, more likely to contain inhaled object

Question 16

Morphology of left primary bronchi

Answer 16

Longer, thinner, more obliquely angled. Longer and smaller than the right.

Question 17

Area of Laimer

Answer 17

exposed area of circular muscle in the esophagus

Question 18

Fibers found in esophageal plexus

Answer 18

Sympathetic fibers from the sympathetic trunk and parasympathetics from the vagus nerve

Question 19

Smaller branches of the aorta

Answer 19

Coronary arteries, bronchial artery, posterior intercostal arteries, esophageal arteries

Question 20

At what level does the aorta pierce the diaphragm

Answer 20

T12

Question 21

Drainage of right and left 1st intercostal space

Answer 21

Drain to brachiocephalic vein via right or left supreme intercostal vein

Question 22

Drainage of right 2,3,and 4 intercostal space

Answer 22

drains to azygos vein via the superior intercostal vein

Question 23

Drainage of left 2,3, and 4 intercostal space

Answer 23

drains to brachiocephalic vein via the left superior intercostal vein

Question 24

Drainage of right 5-12 intercostal space

Answer 24

drains to azygos vein directly

Question 25

Drainage of left 5,6,7, and 8 intercostal space

Answer 25

drains to azygos via accessory hemiazygos vein

Question 26

Drainage of left 9,10,11, and 12 intercostal space

Answer 26

drains to azygos vein via hemiazygos vein

Question 27

Cisterna Chyli

Answer 27

Beginning of thoracic duct at the level of L1.

Question 28

Jugular lymph trunk

Answer 28

drains lymph from upper part of head

Question 29

Left subclavian trunk

Answer 29

drains lymph from arm

Question 30

Bronchomediastinal trunk

Answer 30

drains lymph from thorax

Question 31

tracheobronchial nodes

Answer 31

FIND OUT WHAT THEY DO

Question 32

Motor innervation of diaphragm

Answer 32

Phrenic nerve

Question 33

Sensory innervation of diaphragm

Answer 33

Phrenic nerve, small amount by intercostal nerves at lower levels

Question 34

Where does inferior vena cava pierce diaphragm

Answer 34

T8

Question 35

Where does esophagus pierce diaphragm

Answer 35

T10

Question 36

Where does aorta pierce diaphragm

Answer 36

T12