Postmidterm (DNA) Flashcards
(32 cards)
___contains a combination of DNAs of
different origins; combining of different DNAs is made possible by the use restriction enzymes and ligase
Recombinant DNA molecule
act as scissors that cut both
strands of the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone;
these enzymes are found primarily in bacteria
restriction endonucleases
Enzyme that joins two DNA molecules
DNA ligase
recognize specific sequences within the DNA molecule; the recognized sequences are usually 4-6 base pairs (bp) and palindromic.
Restriction endonucleases
Two Types of ends found in DNA strands after being cut by restriction
enzymes
Blunt end
Sticky end
is when both strands are
of equal length and have no unpaired bases.
Blunt end
is when one strand is
longer than the other and has unpaired bases that can form hydrogen bonds with complementary
bases.
Sticky end
____are helpful in
cloning because they can be joined by DNA ligase.
Sticky ends
are named after the organism from which they are isolated
Restriction emzymes
catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between the sugar and
the phosphate of adjacent nucleotides, but it requires that one nucleotide
has a free 5’ phosphate and the adjacent one has a 3’ hydroxyl group
Ligase
When DNA ligase joins two different DNA fragments, the fragments become one DNA molecule, a_____
recombinant DNA
Transfer of the recombinant DNA into the host cell is done using any
suitable DNA delivery method such as ____
electroporation
Known as molecular cloning
DNA cloning
is the set of experimental techniques used to generate
a population of organisms carrying the same molecule
of recombinant DNA.
DNA cloning
T or F
Recombinant DNA molecules are formed in vivo by inserting DNA fragments of interest into vector DNA molecules.
F- Recombinant DNA molecules are formed in VITRO by inserting DNA fragments of interest into vector DNA molecules.
DNA molecules that are used as vehicles in
transporting the foreign piece of DNA into the host cell; these vectors can replicate independently in a host cel
Cloning vectors
These are small, double strands of bacterial DNA that are extrachromosomal; usually multiple copies of plasmids are present in a
bacterial cell
Plasmid vectors
a unit of measurement used to help designate the length of DNA or RNA.
Kilobase (kb)
One kilobase is equal
to___ bases.
1,000
The_____ colonies have the gene of interest
white bacterial colonies
The white bacterial colonies
have the gene of interest (i.e.
they are recombinants) while
the ____ ones do not have the
gene of interest
blue
also known as phages, are viruses that infect and
replicate only in bacterial cells. They are ubiquitous in the environment and recognized as the earth’s most abundant biological
agent
Bacteriophages
In the____ cycle, viruses quickly take over the host cell, make many copies, break the cell, and
infect other cells.
lytic cycle
In the____ cycle, viruses sneak into the host’s DNA, stay hidden, and wait. Later, they become active, make copies, and
infect other cells
lysogenic cycle
