Postural Control, Balance and Mobility

Question 1

Posture represents

Answer 1

the overall position of the body and limbs relative to one another and their representation in space

Question 2

Postures can be in _____ and ______ conditions

Answer 2

Static

Dynamic

Question 3

Postural control involves controlling body’s ______ in space for the dual purposes of _______and ________

Answer 3

Position
Stability
Orientation

Question 4

Which test can be used to measure stability limits

Answer 4

Reach tests

Question 5

1-COM (center of mass):

Answer 5

Point that is at the center of the total body mass

Question 6

Increasing stability limits in older adults and individuals with neurological conditions results in?

Answer 6

decreased risk for falls

Question 7

BOS (base of support):
The area underneath and between .
______length of the foot + ______ width of stance

Answer 7

Both feet
Anteroposterior
mediolateral

Question 8

COP (center of pressure):

Answer 8

Vertical projection of the COM

Question 9

Stability limits

Answer 9

Boundaries of an area of space in which the body can maintain its position without changing the base of support

Question 10

Balance dictates ______ ____

Answer 10

Postural Alignment

Question 11

Postural Orientation

Answer 11

The way you position yourself in space - biomechanical alignment of the body + orientation of the body vs. environment

Question 12

True is false. Postural Stability is the same thing a balance?

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Postural Stability is the ability to?

Answer 13

stay still in a certain position

maintain the projected centre of mass within stability limits (without changing the base of support)

Question 14

The ability to maintain the _________within stability limits (without changing the base of support) Is referred to as what?

Answer 14

projected centre of mass 
Postural Stability (balance)

Question 15

true or false. Orientation & Stability demands change with each task

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Postural control requires both

Answer 16

Neural system (perception)
Musculoskeletal system

Question 17

Physical Impairments.

Conditions involving _________ systems can lead to deficits in postural ______ and stability. Why?

Answer 17

neurological
Orientation
because of impairments to neuro + musculo systems

Question 18

Postural control is under how many control systems. What are they?

Answer 18

UNDER THESE 2 CONTROL SYSTEMS
Anticipatory postural control
Reactive postural control

Question 19

Advance planning of actions is an example of which control system?

Answer 19

Anticipatory

Question 20

Actions that cannot be planned in advance due to the unexpected nature of an event is an example of which control system?

Answer 20

Reactive postural control

Question 21

Goal of postural movement strategies: To _____ the COM of the body to a position of ____following a loss of ______

Answer 21

restore
stability
balance

Question 22

Postural responses are activated in response to _____, ______and ______ inputs

Answer 22

proprioceptive
visual
vestibular

Question 23

How many strategies are there to restore COG? what are they?

Answer 23

3
Ankle strategy
Hip strategy
Stepping strategy

Question 24

In reaction to larger and faster perturbations and when support surface is smaller than the feet. Which Strategy is used?

Answer 24

Hip strategy

Question 25

Restore COM to a position of stability through body movement centered primarily about the ankle joints

Answer 25

Ankle strategy

Question 26

Which is always the first strategy?

Answer 26

Ankle strategy

Question 27

When ankle and hip strategies are insufficient to recover balance, a step or hop is used to bring the support base into alignment under the COM. Which one kicks in?

Answer 27

Stepping strategy ( marks the end of the limit of stability )

Question 28

Is the last strategy to be used

Answer 28

Stepping strategy

Question 29

What are Senses contributing to postural control?

Answer 29

Visual system Somatosensory system Vestibular system

Question 30

Position and motion of the head & body with respect to surrounding objects Reference for verticality Very important for participants with neurological conditions...Which sense

Answer 30

Visual system

Question 31

Horizontal info input

Answer 31

2.Somatosensory system

Question 32

Vertical info input

Answer 32

1.Visual system

Question 33

Provides Information about head position and motion

Answer 33

Vestibular system

Question 34

Can a loss of any of these systems be compensated by the other 2 systems?

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

It appears that under normal conditions, the nervous system may weigh the importance of ______________ info for postural control more heavily than vision and __________ inputs

Answer 35

Somatosensory | Vestibular

Question 36

Neurological lesions : people rely predominantly on :_______ during the early part of their balance recovery process and then use more _______ inputs

Answer 36

Vision | Somatosensory

Question 37

Neurological lesions : people rely predominantly on :_______ during the early part of their balance recovery process and then use more _______ inputs

Answer 37

Vision | Somatosensory

Question 38

True or false. Reducing the availability of 2 senses appears to have a significant effect on postural steadiness in healthy older adults

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Reducing the availability of ______ appears to have a significant effect on postural steadiness in healthy older adults

Answer 39

two sense

Question 40

can older adults perform double-legged stance using only one accurate sense.

Answer 40

Yes, but not very well

Question 41

In older adults which system doesn't work well?

Answer 41

Vestibular

Question 42

To maintain standing balance, elderly people with vestibular loss need their… _______ or their ________ ___________

Answer 42

VISION | or Somatosensory function