Postural Vs Phasic Muscles & Syndromes

Question 1

What are the 2 types of muscle fibers making up skeletal muscle?

Answer 1

• Slow twitch

- Fast twitch (IIA and IIB)

Question 2

Slow twitch fibers dominantly use what kind of fuel? What is the resulting color?

Answer 2

• Myoglobin (O2 storage protein)

- Red

Question 3

Slow twitch fibers make up what kind of muscles?

Answer 3

Postural muscles (dominantly of the trunk)

Question 4

How do slow twitch fibers:

• contract
• fatigue
• generate ATP

Answer 4

• slow contractions
• fatigue resistant
• generate ATP through oxidative metabolic processes

Question 5

Fast twitch fibers dominantly use what kind of fuel? What is the resulting color?

Answer 5

• Glycogen

- White

Question 6

Fast twitch fibers make up what kind of muscles?

Answer 6

Phasic muscles of the extremities

Question 7

How do fast twitch fibers:

• contract
• fatigue
• generate ATP

Answer 7

• fast contractions
• fatigue easily
• generate ATP through anaerobic metabolic processes —> lactic acid is the byproduct

Question 8

Define postural muscles

Answer 8

Skeletal muscles that are dominantly composed of Type I (slow twitch) fibers.

They are resistant to fatigue, and are red.

Question 9

What happens to postural muscles when they are stressed or injured?

Answer 9

They tend to shorten and tighten

Question 10

Define phasic muscles

Answer 10

Skeletal muscles that are dominantly composed of Type II (fast twitch) fibers.

They fatigue quickly, and are white.

Question 11

What happens to phasic muscles when they are injured or stressed?

Answer 11

They tend tp lengthen and weaken

Question 12

Do injured phasic muscles palpate as lax or tight?

Answer 12

They tend to palpate as tight, even though they lengthen in injury

Question 13

Cervical and lumbar erector muscles are postural or phasic?

Answer 13

Postural

Question 14

Mid thoracic erectors are postural or phasic?

Answer 14

Phasic

Question 15

Quadratus lumborum is postural or phasic?

Answer 15

Postural

Question 16

The scalenes are postural or phasic?

Answer 16

Postural

Question 17

SCM is postural or phasic?

Answer 17

Postural

Question 18

Longus capitus and longus colli are postural or phasic?

Answer 18

Phasic

Question 19

What muscles tend to get hurt when longus capitus and longus colli don’t do their job?

Answer 19

Scalenes
SCM

Often happens in whiplash injuries bc the longuses don’t activate quickly enough

Question 20

Pectoralis major and minor are postural or phasic?

Answer 20

Postural

Question 21

Levator scapulae is postural or phasic?

Answer 21

Postural

Question 22

Upper trapezius is postural or phasic?

Answer 22

Postural

Question 23

Bicep brachii are postural or phasic?

Answer 23

Postural

Question 24

Rhomboids are postural or phasic?

Answer 24

Phasic

Question 25

Middle and lower trapezius are postural or phasic?

Answer 25

Phasic

Question 26

Triceps brachii are postural or phasic?

Answer 26

Phasic

Question 27

Which kind of muscles “scream” for attention and what does it feel like in the body?

Answer 27

Phasic muscles start “screaming” when they have used up their limited energy supply. Feels like burning or aching

Question 28

What did Vladamir Janda come up with?

Answer 28

- key movement patterns | - upper and lower cross syndrome

Question 29

What is happening in a “crossed” syndrome?

Answer 29

One side of the body has long tight muscles and the other side has short tight muscles.

Question 30

What are the physical manifestations of upper cross syndrome?

Answer 30

- increased forward head position - protracted shoulders - hyper-kyphosis - internally rotated humerus

Question 31

What type of muscles are short and tight in upper cross syndrome? Which muscles are included?

Answer 31

Postural muscles become short and tight Upper cross postural muscles: - pec major and minor - cervical erectors - upper trap - levator scap - SCM - Scalenes

Question 32

What type of muscles are long and weak (and still palpate as tight) in upper cross syndrome?

Answer 32

Phasic muscles become long, weak or inhibited, and tight - Rhomboids - Thoracic erectors - longus colli and capitus (deep neck flexors) - middle and lower trap - Serratus anterior

Question 33

What are the physical manifestations of lower cross syndrome?

Answer 33

- pelvis displacement: usually anterior tilt | - exaggerated lumbar lordosis

Question 34

Which muscles are tight or overactive in lower crossed syndrome?

Answer 34

- psoas - rectus femoris - lumbar erectors - TFL - QL

Question 35

Which muscles are inhibited in lower crossed syndrome?

Answer 35

- Glut Mac - Abdominals - Glut Med (maybe)

Question 36

Which key movement patterns should be observed to diagnose lower cross syndrome?

Answer 36

- Hip extension - Hip abduction - Trunk flexion

Question 37

Which key movement patterns should be observed to diagnose upper cross syndrome?

Answer 37

- Neck flexion - Trunk flexion - Shoulder abduction - Lowering from push up