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Semester 2 PM Exam 4 > Posture > Flashcards

Posture Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Definition

A

Alignment and positioning of the body in relation to gravity, center of mass, or base of support

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2
Q

Good Posture

A

State of musculoskeletal balance that protects the supporting structures of the body against injury or progressive deformity
Muscles function efficiently; optimum positioning for thoracic and abdominal organs

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3
Q

Poor Posture

A

Faulty relationships increase strain on supporting structures, less efficient balance over base of support

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4
Q

Principles of alignment

A

APTA - “optimizing movement”
Alignment is the foundation for optimal movement and musculoskeletal health requires optimal movement to prevent or minimize painful syndromes

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5
Q

Static vs. Dynamic

Recognize that orientation/organization relative to gravity is…

A
  • continually changing
  • always dynamic; only appears “static” during quiet standing (postural sway)
  • organize for efficiency for readiness to move in any direction
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6
Q

Muscle Imbalances - Biomechanical Theory

A

Constant stress placed on the musculoskeletal system due to habitual postures or repetitive motions - leads to adaptive shortening (weakening?) or lengthening (strengthening?)
The length - tension curve

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7
Q

Muscle Imbalances - Joint motion is changed due to

A

changes of the tissue guiding the motion

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8
Q

Muscle Imbalances - Joint positions suggest

A

which muscles may be elongated or shortened

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9
Q

Muscle Imbalances - Habitual postures can lead to

A

adaptive changes in muscles (and other tissues)

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10
Q

Muscle Imbalances - Neurologic Paradigm (janda)

A

Motor systems are working to maintain homeostasis
Proprioceptive info is integral to motor regulation
Muscle recruitment patterns are established and centralized in the CNS
Tight muscles tend to be more readily activated

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11
Q

Structural faults

A

Trauma
Congenital issues
Disease
May need surgical correction

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12
Q

Structural faults

Biomechanical vs. Neurologic

A

Biomechanical model incorporates structural faults better than neuro

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13
Q

Upper crossed syndrome - Inhibited`

A

Deep cervical flexors
Lower trap
Serratus Anterior

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14
Q

Upper crossed syndrome - Facilitated

A

SCM
Pectoralis
Upper Trap
Levator Scap

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15
Q

Lower Crossed Syndrome - Inhibited

A

Abdominals

Glut Min Med Max

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16
Q

Lower crossed syndrome - facilitated

A

Rectus femoris
Iliopsoas
Thoraco lumbar extensors

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17
Q

Short muscles will

A

Activate quickly

They are set to be facilitated

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18
Q

Lengthened muscles will

A

not be quick to activate

Tend to be inhibited

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19
Q

Functional Faults

A

Habitual postural positions

Repetitive motions

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20
Q

Functional Faults

Biomechanical vs. Neurologic

A

More neurological

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21
Q

Steps to static standing posture analysis

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Minimal clothing (comfort but need to see structures)
  2. Barefoot - no socks either
  3. Solid standing surface
  4. Minimize background noise
  5. Observation must occur on all four sides - make sure you have space
22
Q

More steps to static standing posture analysis

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Line of gravity passes through center of mass and falls within base of support
  2. A plump represents line of gravity
  3. Feet are fixed reference point (under hips) - in general 4 in apart and each foot should be toed out about 15 degrees (no more than 25)
  4. need a system
23
Q

Setting up your plump line

Study These Flashcards
A

Post/Ant - position midway between heels

Lateral - position at the calcaneocuboid joint (ant to the lateral malleolus)

24
Q

Palpation

Study These Flashcards
A

In order to establish skeletal landmarks
Inform patient
Start where patient can see (usually lateral)
Always use two hands or make sure the pt knows where your hands are

25
Plumb line falls
``` Just ant to knee jt center Just post to hip joint center Through lumbar bodies Mid shoulder (acromion) Ext auditory meatus ```
26
Observing from a post view
1. R and L symmetry 2. Calcaneal position neutral 3. Feet with toes slightly out 4. Muscle tone/definition 5. Knees straight (popliteal line) 6. Level pelvis 7. Spinous processes in line 8. Scapula parallel and 3 in from spine 9. Shoulders level 10. Head and neck on straight
27
Observing from an ant view
1. Weight bearing 2. Toe position - toed out 3. Tibias should be straight (no bowing) 4. Knee should be in slight valgus 5. Patella equal height and forward facing 6. Muscle definition 7. Greater troch equal 8. ASIS height equal 9. Equal iliac crest height 10. Umbilicus should be midline 11. Symm thoracic cage 12. Shoulders horizontal and equal height 13. Head and neck straight forward
28
``` Lordotic Posture Head Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Pelvis Knee Ankle Elongated and weak Short and strong ```
``` Head = neutral Cervical = normal (slightly ant) Thoracic = normal (slightly post) Lumbar = hyperextended (lordosis) Pelvis = ant tilt Knee = slightly hyperextended Ankle = slightly plantar flexed Elongated and weak = ant abdominals, hamstrings elongated and may or may may not be weak Short and strong = low back and hip flexors ```
29
Kyphotic Lordotic Posture Short and tight Weak and elongated
Short, tight = neck extensors and chest muscles, Hip flexors Weak = neck flexors and upper back extensors and abdominals will be elongated and weak, hip extensors too
30
Flat back posture
``` Forward weight shift Head - forward Cervical - extended Thoracic - upper flexion, lower flat Lumbar - flat or extended Pelvis - post tilt Hp - extended Knee - extended Ankle - plantar flexed ```
31
Sway back posture Strong Weak
Strong (short, tight) - Neck extensors, chest muscles, upper IO, hip extensors Weak = neck flexors, upper back extensors, EO, hip flexors Knees are hyperextended Upper trunk is shifted rearward
32
Headedness
For every inch of forward head posture, it can increase the weight of the head on the spine by an additional 10 pounds
33
Psoterior view - Scapulae
Flat against thorax 4-6 in btw medial borders equidistant from T spine Sup angle and inf angle situation btw T2 and T7
34
Posterior view - shoulders and UEs
Neutral roation Elbow (olecranon) oriented visibly Forearm/hand neutral/against body (using both supination and pronation - not anatomical position)
35
Closer look - spine - primary curves
Kyphosis throughout in utero and early infancy | Persist in thoracic and sacrococcygeal regins
36
Closer look - spine - secondary curve
Lordotic curves develop with postural control (head control, sitting, standing)
37
Closer look - pelvis - Post view
PSISs and iliac crests on same horizontal plane
38
Closer look - pelvis - Ant view
ASISs and iliac crests on same horizontal plane
39
Closer look - pelvis - lateral view
ASISs and pubic symphysis on same frontal plane PSIS and ASIS on same horizontal plane - normal posture has ASIS slightly below PSISs Ant tilt inc lordosis Pst tilt dec lordosis
40
Knee - typical development progression
Bowed (varus) - infancy, pre standing/walking Straighten - upright, bipedal activities Valgus - childhood Less valgus (many females) or slight varus (many males) - 6 to 7 years
41
Closer Look - Feet Ant view
Medial longitudinal arch by 6 or 7 years | Toes flat on floor, in line with respective metatarsals
42
Closer look - feet post view
Vertical calcaneous and achilles tendon
43
Closer look - knees, feet, LEs
Hips in neutral rotation Femoral condyles and patallae in frontal plane Feet toed out A line passes through center of hip joint center of knee joint - 2nd MTP joint
44
Closer look - knee variations
Postural - apparent in standing; not strucutral; usually not seen in supine
45
Varus
Postural bowlegs Hips IR Knees hyperextended Feet pronated
46
Valgus
Postural knock-knees Hips ER Knees hyperextended Feet supinated
47
Scoliosis
Affects more females than males Onset is often peripubertal Influenced by postural habits
48
Functional Scoliosis
Associated with handedness, back spasms | May not be apparent with forward bending
49
Strucutral Scoliosis
Persists with forward bending (screening) - further assessment with x-rays
50
Posture can be assessed
in other positions besides standing (sitting, working stations) Dynamically and statically With technological aids (still photos, video)
51
``` Handedness Head Cervical Shoulder Scapulae Thoracic and lumbar Pelvis Hip LE Feet ```
Head = erect, neither tilted nor rotated Cervical = straight Shoulder = right low Scapulae = adducted, right slightly depressed Thoracic and lumbar = curve is convex toward the left Pelvis = lateral tilt, high on right Hip = right adducted and slightly medially rotated, left abducted LE= straight, neither valgus nor varus Feet = right is slightly pronated

Semester 2 PM Exam 4 (12 decks)

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