Posture and Gait Review Flashcards by Lourdes Rodriguez

Posture and Gait

Postural pattern?

Kyphosis – Lordosis posture

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Posture and Gait

Kyphosis – Lordosis posture: elongated and shortened muscles

Enlongated: neck flexors, upper back, external oblique, hamstrings
Shortened: neck extensors, low back extensors, hip flexors

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Posture and Gait

Postural pattern?

Flat-back posture

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Posture and Gait

Flat-back posture: elongated and shortened muscles

Elongated: hip flexors
Shortened: hamstrings

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Posture and Gait

postural pattern?

Sway back posture

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Posture and Gait

Sway back posture: elongated and shortened muscles

Elongated: hip flexors, external obliques, upper back extensors, neck flexors
Shortened: hamstrings, upper portion of internal obliques

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Posture and Gait

postural pattern?

lordosis posture

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Posture and Gait

lordosis posture: elongated and shortened muscles

elongated: anterior abdominal, hamstrings
shortened muscles: low back, hip flexors

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Posture and Gait

ideal posture by Kendall et al

post coronal suture
Through the external auditory meatus
odontoid process
middle of shoulder joint
bodies of lumbar vertebrae
sacral promontory
slightly posterior to center of hip joint
slightly ant to the axis of knee joint
slightly ant to lat malleolus
Through the calcaneocuboid joint

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Posture and Gait

What is the role of the pelvis in gait in the sagittal plane?

Pelvic Tilt (sagiIal plane): 2.79° to 4°

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Posture and Gait

What is the role of the pelvis in gait in the frontal plane?

Pelvic drop/list (frontal plane): 4° to 7.72°

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Posture and Gait

What is the role of the pelvis in gait in the transverse plane?

Pelvic rotation (transverse plane): 10° to 10.4°

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Posture and Gait

Characterized by a shorter step length and stance time on the side of the painful lower extremity; it may be accompanied by ipsilateral trunk lean with hip pain or a contralateral trunk lean with knee and foot pain.

Antalgic Gait

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Posture and Gait

anything that makes the initiation of swing difficult: decreased trunk stability, inefficient AE of the pelvis, difficulty with hip flexion etc…

Backward trunk lean during initial swing

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Posture and Gait

anything that makes the initiation of swing difficult (except the trunk control): inefficient AE of the pelvis, difficulty with hip flexion

Posterior pelvic tilt during initial swing

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Posture and Gait

a relatively longer leg will create what type of deviation?

circumduction gait

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Posture and Gait

Prosthetic Gait: abducted gait during stance

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avoiding a pinch
or clearing a long leg

Posture and Gait

Prosthetic Gait: adducted gait during stance

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fit of the prosthesis

Posture and Gait

limping gait, avoiding putting weight on the limb

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antalgic gait

Posture and Gait

backward trunk lean during initial swing

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any weakness for initiation of swing
Purposeful to reduce demands on weakened stance limb gluteus maximus
or to assist with limb advancement when hip flexion capability is limited.
decreased trunk stability

Posture and Gait

Forward trunk lean during stance

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Compensation for quadriceps weakness. Forward lean reduces knee extensor moment and thus demand on vastii.
May also be used to accommodating hip or knee flexion contractures.

Posture and Gait

pelvic hike during swing

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Action of quadratus lumborum to assist with limb clearance when hip flexion, knee flexion, and/or ankle dorsiflexion are inadequate for limb clearance.

Posture and Gait

Ipsilateral pelvic drop during swing

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Contralateral hip abductor weakness
hip adductor spasticity
or hip adduction contracture.

Posture and Gait

Compensation for weak hip flexors or for inability to shorten leg for limb clearance

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circumduction

# Posture and Gait knee hyperextension during stance

* **flaccid/weak quadriceps:** compensated for by excess plantarflexion and/or posterior pull on the thigh by gluteus maximus * **plantarflexion deformity/contracture** * impaired proprioception

# Posture and Gait what shortens the limb during swing

* pelvis elevation * hip flx * knee flx * ankle DF

# Posture and Gait Entire foot simultaneously touches ground at initial contact: **foot flat contact**

* Plantarflexion contracture * weak dorsiflexors * knee flexion contracture that prevents optimal tibial alignment before initial contact

# Posture and Gait foot slap; loading response

Weak dorsiflexors or reciprocal inhibition of dorsiflexors

# Posture and Gait a presents with foot slap, this gait deviation will most likely occur during. A. Heel strike B. Loading Response C. Pre-swing D. mid-stance

B loading response

# Posture and Gait Ankle collapses into more than 5° dorsiflexion at midstance and/or more than 10° dorsiflexion at terminal stance

* weak plantar flexors to control tibial advance * Knee flexion or hip flexion contractures.

# Posture and Gait Heel comes off ground in mid stance: early heel rise

plantar flexos contracture decreased DF ROM

# Posture and Gait true or false: heel off occurs in double limb support

**false** toe off occurs in double limb support

# Posture and Gait what happens in the gait cycle during **push off**

1. Terminal Stance (heel off) 2. Preswing (toe-off)

# Posture and Gait which parts of the gait cycle occur in double limb support?

1. heel strike (initial contact) 2. Preswing (toe off)

# Posture and Gait the swing phase comprises \_\_\_% of the gait cycle

# Posture and Gait Push Off =

terminal stance (heel off) + preswing (toe off, double limb support)

# Posture and Gait **toe-off** occurs during

**Preswing** of the stance phase

# Posture and Gait **heel off** occurs during

**terminal stance** of the stance phase

# Posture and Gait **foot flat** occurs during

**loading response** of the stance phase

# Posture and Gait gait cycle and muscles

1. Heel strike (tibialis anterior, glut max) 2. Loading response (quads) 3. Midstance (triceps surae) 4. Terminal Stance (triceps surae -heel off) 5. Preswing (deep plantar flexors, rectus fem) 6. Initial & mid-swing (contralateral abd, ilipsoas and rectus fem) 7. Terminal swing (quads, tibialis anterior)

# Posture and Gait pelvis during gait

* **Heel strike:** pelvis AD * **Loading Response to Mid- Stance to Terminal Stance:** pelvis PD * **Pre-Swing (Toe-off):** relative pelvis PE (PE & AE) * **Initial Swing to** **Mid-Swing :** pelvis AE * **Terminal Swing into HS:** pelvis AD

# Posture and Gait FMT paradigm to what causes gait to become less efficient

* Mechanical Capacity * Neuromuscular Control (initiation, strength, endurance) * Motor Control

Posture and Gait Review Flashcards

(42 cards)