Postures And Planes Competency Flashcards
(27 cards)
The __________ axis runs perpendicular to the coronal/frontal plane
Anterior-posterior axis - Divides front half and back haf
The ___________ axis runs perpendicular to the sagittal plane
Transverse axis (right-left axis) - Divides the right half and left half
The ____________ axis runs perpendicular to the transverse plane
Longitudinal axis (superior-inferior axis) - Divides the top half and bottom half
Lateral flexion (sidebending) is movement in a __________ plane about a ________________ axis
Coronal/frontal; anterior-posterior
Flexion is a forward motion in a ____________ plane of the spine, about a ___________ axis
Sagittal; transverse
Extension is backward motion of the spine in a _________ plane about a ____________ axis
sagittal; transverse
Rotation is a movement in a ______________ plane about a ______________ axis
Transverse; superior-inferior
In viewing the patient from the side, the gravitational line is an imaginary line in a __________ plane which starts out slightly anterior to the _________________, passes across the _____________ of the knee, the ___________________, through the __________________ of the humerus at the tip of the shoulder to the _______________________. If plane is through the body, it would intersect the body of the ____________ vertebra and _____________
Coronal; lateral malleolus; lateral condyle; greater trochanter; lateral head; external auditory meatus; third lumbar (or L2); anterior sacrum
Which spinal deformities occur when each of the following planes are affected (all different): coronal, horizontal, sagittal?
Coronal = scoliosis Horizontal = rotation Sagittal = kyphosis/lordosis
Normal AP curve of the thoracic spine with concavity anteriorly and convesity posteriorly is known as what?
Kyphosis - Degree can vary with age, postural habits, and osteoporosis. Can be exaggerated
Normal anterior convexity in the curvature of the lumbar and cervical spine as viewed from the side is known as what?
Lordosis - Degree can vary. Can be exaggerated
Lateral curvature in the coronal/frontal plane of the spine can create a C or S shaped deviation known as what?
Scoliosis - Can be structural, pathologic or functional
The following postural variations: C type, S type, trap hypertonicity, and right and left handedness are all examples of postural variations in what plane?
Frontal
The following postural variations: kypholordotic, swayback, flat back, military, anterior and posterior deviation, and rotary are all examples of postural variations that are in what plane?
Sagittal
What are the characteristics of a kypholordotic postural variation?
Head forward Exaggerated kyphosis/lordosis Anterior pelvic shift Abdomen anterior Hips slightly flexed
What are the characteristics of a swayback postural variation?
Head forward Decreased lumbar lordosis Post tilt pelvis
What are the characteristics of a flat back postural variation?
Head forward Lower thoracic kyphosis flattening Lumbar lordosis flattened
What are the chracteristics of pectus excavatum?
Funnel chest Abnormally depressed lower sternum Compression of structures
What are the characteristics of pectus carinatum?
Pigeon chest Abnormal prominence of sternum anteriorly AP diameter increased
What is characteristic of the vertebrae in this pic?
Normal cervical lordosis
What is characteristic of the vertebrae in this pic?
Flattening/loss of cervical lordosis -> can be post-traumatic (possible spasming of muscles straightening lordosis)
What is characteristic of the vertebrae in this pic?
Normal level of thoracic kyphosis
What is characteristic of the vertebrae in this pic?
Exaggerated thoracic kyphosis
What is characteristic of the vertebrae in this pic?
Straight spine -> normal
