Potassium

Question 1

What is the normal range for potassium?

Answer 1

3.5-5

Question 2

Potassium shifts with ___

Answer 2

Hydrogen

Question 3

What is the main job of potassium?

Answer 3

to maintain pH and maintain Action potential in neurons

Question 4

What two things increase cellular uptake of potassium?

Answer 4

Insulin and catecholamines

Question 5

What is the adequate intake of potassium?

Answer 5

40-60 mEq a day

Question 6

Where is potassium mostly found?

Answer 6

in the muscles or neurons

Question 7

What hormone increases excretion of potassium?

Answer 7

Aldosterone

Question 8

What are some causes of actual hypokalemia?

Answer 8

Inadequate intake
Excessive renal loss
Excessive GI losses

Question 9

What can cause excessive renal loss of potassium?

Answer 9

Kidney Failure

Hyperaldosteronism

Question 10

What can cause excess loss of GI potassium?

Answer 10

Ng suction
illiostomy
loop diuretics
Black liquorish

Question 11

In realitive hypokalemia, the potassium shifts from ____ to the ____

Answer 11

ECF to ICF

Question 12

During Alkalosis potassium moves ____ cells and H+ moves ___

Answer 12

into

out of

Question 13

What are 4 causes of realitive hypokalemia?

Answer 13

Alkalosis
INcreased insulin
Tissue repair
Water intoxication

Question 14

How does hypokalemia manefest in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 14

it increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
Orthostatic Hypotension
**ECG changes **

Question 15

How does hypokalemia manefest in the respiratory system?

Answer 15

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 16

How does Hypokalemia affect deep tendon reflexes?

Answer 16

the decrease because of slow repolarization

Question 17

What four aspects are monitored for during hypokalemia?

Answer 17

Serum potassium
ECG changes
Electrolyte levles
I&O

Question 18

How does hypokalemia affect the renal system?

Answer 18

Causes increased urine production and inability to concentrate urine

Question 19

What three lab findings support hypokalemia?

Answer 19

Trending plasma levels
Elevated pH and Bicarb
Elevated glucose

Question 20

What three electrolytes tend to decrease with potassium?

Answer 20

Calcium, Chloride, and Magnesium

Question 21

What types of medications can decrease potassium levels?

Answer 21

Diuretics

and Herbal meds that have black licorice root in them

Question 22

What are the interventions for hypokalemia?

Answer 22

Replacement therapy
Monitoring
Restore balance
Potassium sparing diuretics

Question 23

What are the three types of replacment therapies for potassium?

Answer 23

Dietary
Suppliments
Parenteral

Question 24

What are three dietary sources of potassium?

Answer 24

Salt substitutes KCl
Potatoes
Bananas
Aprocots

Question 25

Potassium supplements should not be given when UO is ____

Answer 25

less than 0.5ml/kg/hr

Question 26

Parenteral potassium should not be given at a right higher than ______

Answer 26

20mEq and hour

Question 27

What is an example of a potassium sparing diuretic?

Answer 27

Spirolactone

Question 28

Hyperkalemia is rare with ______

Answer 28

normally functioning kidneys

Question 29

What is the most sensitivite to increased potassium?

Answer 29

the myocardium

Question 30

A sudden increase of potassium shows changes at _____ and gradual at ___

Answer 30

6-7mEq/L | 8mEq/L

Question 31

What are some causes of actual hyperkalemia?

Answer 31

excessive intake | Decreased excretion

Question 32

What are 4 things that can decrease excretion of potassium?

Answer 32

Adrenal insufficency Renal impairment/failure potassium sparing diuretics ACE inhibitors

Question 33

What are five things that can cause a realitive increase in potassium?

Answer 33

``` Cellular release Pseudohyperkalemia - Hemolysis Trancellular shifting Medication Addisons disease ```

Question 34

What are some causes of cellular release of potassium?

Answer 34

Cell destruction Crush injuries Burns Trama

Question 35

What major issue causes a transcellular shift of potassium to the ECF?

Answer 35

DKA

Question 36

What hormone is reduced in addisons disease that causes hyperkalemia?

Answer 36

Aldosterone (aldosterone wastes potassium)

Question 37

What are the cardio manifestations of hyperkalemia?

Answer 37

Irregular HR Slow HR Decreased BP abnormal ECG

Question 38

WHat are the neuromuscular signs of hyperkalemia?

Answer 38

Twitching, cramps, irritable With prolongs hyperkalemia comes paralysis from the extremities up

Question 39

What are the GI signs of hyperkalemia?

Answer 39

Hypermotility, cramps, N/V/D, weight loss

Question 40

What do you monitor during hyperkalemia?

Answer 40

Serum K ECG changes I&O's ABG's tmonitor for Acidosis

Question 41

What is a theraputic treatment that can cause hyperkalemia?

Answer 41

Blood transfusions

Question 42

What are the 5 interventions for hyperkalemia?

Answer 42

``` Decrease intake Promote excretion Monitor Restore balance Dialysis if uncontrolled ```

Question 43

What are the 4 types of medications given for hyperkalemia?

Answer 43

Exchange resins IV therapy Potassium wasting diuretics Beta2 agonists

Question 44

What is the exchange resin for potassium? | What routes can it be given?

Answer 44

Kayexalate | oral or enema

Question 45

What does a potassium exchange resin do?

Answer 45

exchanges sodium with potassium and binds potassium in gut to be wasted in feces

Question 46

What are the three iv treatments for hyperkalemia?

Answer 46

Calcium Gluconate Reg insulin and 50% dextrose Bicarb

Question 47

What is the function of IV calcium gluconate in the treatment of hyperkalemia?

Answer 47

It competes with potassium

Question 48

What is the function of IV regular insulin and 50% dextrose in the treatment of hyperkalemia?

Answer 48

It shifts potassium back into cells

Question 49

What is the function of sodium bicarb in the treatment of hyperkalemia?

Answer 49

It treats acidosis

Question 50

What is the function of beta2 agonist's in the treatment of hyperkalemia

Answer 50

drives potassium back into cells