Potassium-Sparing Diuretics: Generic names, action, adverse effect, route of administration, contrai

Question 1

What is a potassium-sparing diuretic?

Answer 1

A type of diuretic that helps the body retain potassium while promoting the excretion of sodium and water.

Question 2

Name a common generic potassium-sparing diuretic.

Answer 2

Spironolactone.

Question 3

What is the primary action of potassium-sparing diuretics?

Answer 3

To inhibit sodium reabsorption in the kidneys while conserving potassium.

Question 4

True or False: Potassium-sparing diuretics cause significant potassium loss.

Answer 4

False.

Question 5

What is the route of administration for most potassium-sparing diuretics?

Answer 5

Oral.

Question 6

Which potassium-sparing diuretic is often used to treat heart failure?

Answer 6

Spironolactone.

Question 7

What is a common adverse effect of potassium-sparing diuretics?

Answer 7

Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels).

Question 8

Fill in the blank: Potassium-sparing diuretics are contraindicated in patients with _______.

Answer 8

Severe kidney dysfunction.

Question 9

Name another potassium-sparing diuretic besides spironolactone.

Answer 9

Eplerenone.

Question 10

What is the mechanism of action of amiloride?

Answer 10

It blocks epithelial sodium channels in the kidney.

Question 11

True or False: Potassium-sparing diuretics are often used in combination with other diuretics.

Answer 11

True.

Question 12

What condition can potassium-sparing diuretics help manage in addition to hypertension?

Answer 12

Edema.

Question 13

What should be monitored regularly in patients taking potassium-sparing diuretics?

Answer 13

Serum potassium levels.

Question 14

Which potassium-sparing diuretic is selective for mineralocorticoid receptors?

Answer 14

Eplerenone.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: Potassium-sparing diuretics are effective in treating _______ hypertension.

Answer 15

Resistant.

Question 16

What is the primary contraindication for using spironolactone?

Answer 16

Hyperkalemia.

Question 17

What side effect is associated with spironolactone due to its anti-androgen effects?

Answer 17

Gynecomastia.

Question 18

What electrolyte imbalance can occur with potassium-sparing diuretics?

Answer 18

Hyperkalemia.

Question 19

Which diuretic type is least likely to cause hypokalemia?

Answer 19

Potassium-sparing diuretics.

Question 20

True or False: Eplerenone has a higher risk of gynecomastia compared to spironolactone.

Answer 20

False.

Question 21

What is the effect of potassium-sparing diuretics on blood pressure?

Answer 21

They help lower blood pressure.

Question 22

Which potassium-sparing diuretic is often used in patients with cirrhosis?

Answer 22

Spironolactone.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The action of potassium-sparing diuretics occurs primarily in the _______.

Answer 23

Distal convoluted tubule.

Question 24

What is a common reason for prescribing a potassium-sparing diuretic?

Answer 24

To prevent hypokalemia in patients taking thiazide diuretics.

Question 25

What must be avoided when using potassium-sparing diuretics?

Answer 25

Potassium supplements.

Question 26

What is the trade name for spironolactone?

Answer 26

Aldactone.

Question 27

True or False: Amiloride is less effective than spironolactone in treating hypertension.

Answer 27

True.

Question 28

What condition is contraindicated for eplerenone?

Answer 28

Severe renal impairment.

Question 29

What type of drug interaction should be monitored with potassium-sparing diuretics?

Answer 29

ACE inhibitors, as they may increase potassium levels.

Question 30

What is the main therapeutic use of amiloride?

Answer 30

To treat hypertension and heart failure.

Question 31

Fill in the blank: The risk of _______ increases when potassium-sparing diuretics are combined with other medications affecting potassium levels.

Answer 31

Hyperkalemia.

Question 32

What is the action of potassium-sparing diuretics on aldosterone?

Answer 32

They antagonize the action of aldosterone.

Question 33

True or False: Potassium-sparing diuretics can be used to treat primary hyperaldosteronism.

Answer 33

True.

Question 34

What lab tests are important for patients on potassium-sparing diuretics?

Answer 34

Kidney function tests and serum electrolytes.

Question 35

What is a potential side effect of eplerenone?

Answer 35

Dizziness.

Question 36

Name a risk associated with long-term use of potassium-sparing diuretics.

Answer 36

Chronic hyperkalemia.

Question 37

Which potassium-sparing diuretic is preferred for patients with diabetes?

Answer 37

Eplerenone.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: Potassium-sparing diuretics can cause _______ in the elderly due to decreased renal function.

Answer 38

Hyperkalemia.

Question 39

What is the primary benefit of potassium-sparing diuretics over other diuretics?

Answer 39

They preserve potassium levels.

Question 40

True or False: Potassium-sparing diuretics have a fast onset of action.

Answer 40

False.

Question 41

What is the typical dosing frequency for spironolactone?

Answer 41

Once daily or twice daily.