Potentially Malignant Disorders & Oral Cancer Flashcards
what is WHO definition of POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT LESION?
altered tissue in which cancer is more likely to form
what is WHO definition of POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT DISORDER?
generalised state with increased cancer risk
What are some SYSTEMIC potentially malignant conditions?
- Lichen planus (controversial)
- oral submucous fibrosis
- iron deficiency
- tertiary syphilis
Leukoplakia:
- chronic hyperplastic candidosis (candidal leukoplakia)
- proliferative verrucous leukoplakia)
Erythroplakia
Chronic hyperplastic candidosis:
- Where is it found?
- What patients tend to present with it?
- What may happen to the tissue?
- Commissures of mouth
- Smokers
- Dysplasia may be present
what is treatment for chronic hyperplastic candidosis?
- systemic antifungal (fluconazole)
- biopsy
- stop smoking
- observe
what are predictors of malignancy in leukoplakia?
- age & gender
- idiopathic?
- site (FoM - High risk, B mucosa - Low risk)
- clinical appearance
What molecular markers are in oral epithelial dysplasia that can help determine progression?
No markers, whether single or in combination have been identified as of yet
definition of dysplasia?
disordered maturation (growth) in a tissue
what is atypia?
CHANGES in cells
in histopathology, what are the criteria for potentially malignant lesion?
Assess architectural changes then cytology:
- Architectural changes - abnormal maturation & stratification
- Cytological abnormalities - cellular atypia
boundaries between areas will not be well defined
Histopathology:
what will be seen in basal hyperplasia?
- increased basal cell numbers
Architecture:
- regular stratification
- basal compartment is larger
NO CELLULAR ATYPIA
Histopathology:
what will be seen in mild dysplasia?
Provide architecture & cytology
Architecture: changes in lower 3rd
Cytology: Mild atypia
Histopathology:
what will be seen in moderate dysplasia?
Provide architecture & cytology
architecture: change up to middle third
cytology: moderate atypia
Histopathology:
what will be seen in severe dysplasia?
Provide architecture & cytology
architecture: changes extend to upper third
cytology: severe atypia, numerous mitoses, abnormally high
what are the 2 main factors for carcinogesis?
Genetics
Environmental (carginogens)
