Poultry

Question 1

Vertical Integration

Answer 1

Several segments owned by one company

Question 2

Breeder Farms

Answer 2

They maintain the genetic stock for the industry. Roosters and hens are housed together for natural breeding.

Question 3

Define Hyline

Answer 3

is the primary breeder company in the US for table egg production

Question 4

Aviagen and Cobb-vantress

Answer 4

primary breeder companies in the US for broilers.

Question 5

table egg layers will be

Answer 5

sent to farms where the pullets are reared under strict nutrition and lighting requirements

Question 6

Free range

Answer 6

Access to outdoors

Question 7

Broilers are

Answer 7

raised for 6-8 weeks to reach a market weight around 5-9 pounds.

Question 8

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 8

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 9

How many strands of nucleotides does DNA have?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

What do the 2 strands form?

Answer 10

double helix structure with a sugar-phosphate background

Question 11

Nitrogenous base of a nucleotide

Answer 11

is a variable, the base can be Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine (all different)

Question 12

name the base pairs

Answer 12

Adenine and Thymine
Guanine with cytosine

Question 13

how long is a DNA strand

Answer 13

5 meters long

Question 14

female vs male

Answer 14

XX, XY

Question 15

The remaining chromosomes are

Answer 15

Autosomal

Question 16

one allele is dominant and the other is recessive

Question 17

the genotype describes

Answer 17

genetic makeup (genes) including alleles

Question 18

the phenotype of an individual describes

Answer 18

physical representation of the genotype

Question 19

phenotype

Answer 19

physical outcome

Question 20

genotype

Answer 20

genetics

Question 21

BB, bb, Bb

Answer 21

dominant, recessive, heterozygous

Question 22

G+E+P

Answer 22

GENO+ENVIRONMENT = PHENOTYPE

Question 23

Level Heritability Range
High >0.4
Moderate 0.20 – 0.40
Low 0<0.2

Question 24

what is EPD

Answer 24

comparison the EBV’s of 2 sires

Question 25

EBV

Answer 25

can be used to compare the value of different breeding animals

Question 26

EPD

Answer 26

expected differences of ones sires offspring compared to another for a specific trait.

Question 27

Meat animals

Answer 27

EPD

Question 28

Dairy

Answer 28

PTA

Question 29

Crossbred animals have a high degree of heterozygosity in their genetics. While purebred have a higher degree of homozygosity.

Question 30

define zygote

Answer 30

stage of a fertilized egg, no cell division yet

Question 31

Early embryogenesis is a series of mitotic cell divisions. The embryo is protected by the zona pellucida (protects the egg and the early embryo).

Question 32

The original cells present are called “totipotent stem cells,” which can be any embryo or placental cell.

Question 33

The “Morula” is a bunch of dividing totipotent stem cells.

Question 34

The cells designated to the placenta are “Trophoblast cells.” These eventually become the placenta.

Question 35

The embryonic stem cells are call “pluripotent” stem cells and can become any cell of the embryo.

Question 36

The dividing pluripotent stem cells are referred to as the “Inner cell mass.”

Question 37

All of this has happened in the Oviduct

Question 38

Zygote – mitosis – morula – (totipotent stem cells) – mitosis – blastocyst (embryo or placenta) – if placenta (trophoblast cells), if embryo (pluripotent stem cells).