Poultry Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
Poultry are raised for what four reasons?
A
Meat, Eggs, Feathers, Work
2
Q
Poultry history - what happened in 1889?
A
Artificial light - used for egg production
3
Q
Poultry history - what happened in 1971?
A
Newcastle disease in L.A. - 3 million birds destroyed
4
Q
Marek’s disease accounted for what percentage of deaths in poultry prior to the vaccine?
A
25-60%
5
Q
Newcastle disease was responsible for the destruction of how many poultry in L.A. in 1971?
A
3 million
6
Q
What disease was responsible for the destruction of 3 million poultry in L.A. in 1971?
A
Newcastle disease
7
Q
When did Newcastle disease strike the poultry industry in L.A.?
A
1971
8
Q
When was the artificial light invented, and used in egg production?
A
1889
9
Q
How many California egg layers, eggs, and eggs per 100 layers were there monthly in 2022?
A
13.48 million layers,
321.2 million eggs,
2,383 eggs per 100 layers
10
Q
Poultry - there were 321.2 _____ in California each month in 2022
A
eggs
11
Q
Poultry - there were 13.48 _____ in California each month in 2022
A
million egg layers
12
Q
Poultry - there were 2,383 _____ in California each month in 2022
A
eggs per 100 layers
13
Q
How many billion poultry were in the US 2022? China? World total?
A
US 9.22 (or 29.22 depending)
China 4.74
World 30
14
Q
There were 29.22 _______ poultry where in 2022?
A
Billion, USA
15
Q
There were 4.74 _______ poultry where in 2022?
A
Billion, China
16
Q
There were 30 _______ poultry where in 2022?
A
Billion, World
17
Q
What class do chickens belong to?
A
Class Aves (Avian)
18
Q
What two species do chickens and turkeys belong to
A
Gallus domesticus, Meleagris galiopavo (turkey)
19
Q
In Poultry, Breed means what? Strain means what?
A
Breed - animals of common origin with characteristics distinguishing them from other groups of same species
Strain - family or breeding population within a variety(subdivision of breed) that possesses common traits
20
Q
In Poultry, what is the term for animals of common origin with characteristics distinguishing them from other groups of same species
A
Breed
21
Q
In Poultry, what is the term for a family or breeding population within a variety that possesses common traits
A
Strain
22
Q
What are three Egg Laying Breeds in Poultry?
A
Leghorn
Ancona
Minorca
23
Q
Leghorns are what type of Poultry Breed?
A
Egg Laying
24
Q
Ancona are what type of Poultry Breed?
A
Egg Laying
25
Minorca are what type of Poultry Breed?
Egg Laying
26
How many eggs does a good laying hen lay in the first year?
20 dozen in 1st year
27
What age do pullets lay their first eggs? What is unusual about these first eggs?
20-24 weeks, small eggs
28
At 20-24 weeks, pullets do what?
Lay first eggs
29
Orpingtons are what type of Poultry Breed?
Meat
30
Cornish are what type of Poultry Breed?
Meat
31
Australorp are what type of Poultry Breed?
Meat
32
Orpingtons, Cornish, and Australorp are what type of Poultry?
Meat
33
What separates meat chickens from egg laying chickens?
Greater feed conversion ratio
34
A greater feed conversion ratio separates what type of chickens?
Meat from egg laying
35
New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock, and Rhode Island Red are what kind of Poultry breed?
Dual Purpose
36
New Hampshire are what type of Poultry Breed?
`Dual Purpose
37
Plymouth Rock are what type of Poultry Breed?
Dual Purpose
38
Rhode Island Red are what type of Poultry Breed?
Dual Purpose
39
What are three meat Poultry breeds?
Orpingtons,
Cornish,
Australorp
40
What are three dual purpose Poultry breeds?
New Hampshire,
Plymouth Rock,
Rhode Island Red
41
What is a Bantam?
Exhibition Breed, 1/4 or less the size of large fowl, includes Seabrights and Silkies as well as miniatures of larger breeds
42
Seabrights and Silkies are examples of what type of chicken?
Bantam, Exhibition Breed
43
What kind of chicken is 1/4 or less the size of large fowl?
Bantam
44
This type of chicken is the most numerous breed in the US, laying 240-250 eggs per year
Leghorn
45
What is noteworthy about the Leghorn chicken?
Most numerous breed in US
46
How many eggs does the Leghorn lay per year?
240-250
47
What are three features of the Araucana chicken?
Blue, greenish eggs
Rumpless
No tail
48
What chicken breed has blue-greenish eggs, is rumpless, and has no tail?
Araucana
49
Plymouth Rock chickens are known for what three features?
Hardy, docile mothers
Meat and egg production
Brown eggs
50
What chicken breed is known for being hardy, docile mothers, having good meat and egg production, and laying brown eggs?
Plymouth Rock
51
What chicken breed is known for laying brown eggs?
Rhode Island Red
52
Rhode Island Red chickens are known for what?
Laying brown eggs
53
The Cornish chicken is known for what three features?
Developed as ultimate meat bird
Wide, muscular breast,
Short legs
54
What chicken breed was developed as the ultimate meat bird, has a wide, muscular breast, and has short legs?
Cornish
55
The Ross chicken is known for what features?
Industry standard for broiler growth rate, feed conversion rate
56
What chicken breed is the industry standard for broiler growth rate, and feed conversion rate?
Ross
57
What is a Capon?
Castrated male chicken under 8 months
58
What is the name for a castrated male chicken under 8 months?
Capon
59
What is a Stag (chicken)?
Male chicken under 10 months
60
What is the name for a male chicken under 10 months
Stag
61
What is the body temperature and beats/minute at rest of a chicken?
104-109F, 300 beats/minute
62
At what point should poultry be fed higher protein, low calcium?
Meat breeds, Dual purpose 0-18 wks, Layers 0-18 wks
63
At what point should poultry be fed lower protein, high calcium?
Egg layers 18 wks and older
64
Why are calcium supplements important for egg layers? Where is calcium sourced?
Eggshells made from calcium carbonate,
Oyster shells
65
What are eggshells made from?
Calcium carbonate
66
What are four minimum requirements for backyard housing chickens?
Good drainage (on a hill)
Heated or insulated in cold weather to prevent combs and wattles from freezing
Screened openings for ventilation
Electricity, as layers require 14 hours of light
67
Open sheds in poultry are used for what kind of bird?
Free-range
68
Free range poultry uses what kind of housing?
Open sheds
69
Enclosed houses in poultry allow for what kinds of regulation?
Light, temperature, and ventilation
70
Light, temperature, and ventilation can be regulated in what kind of poultry housing?
Enclosed houses
71
What is CA Prop 2 in Poultry?
Requires CA eggs to come from chickens with enough room to fully extend their limbs and turn around freely
72
What CA Prop requires CA eggs to come from chickens with enough room to fully extend their limbs and turn around freely?
Prop 2
73
List and Describe the ten parts of the Avian digestive system, in order
Mouth/beak - Gathers and breaks down feed
Esophagus - tube from mouth to stomach
Crop - feed storage and moistening
Proventriculus - glandular stomach (HCL & gastric juices) for enzymatic breakdown
Gizzard - Muscular stomach for mechanical breakdown
Small intestine - enzymatic digestion of proteins, carbs, and fats. -absorption of end products of digestion
Ceca - essentially non functioning
Large intestine - bacterial activity, water absorption, waste storage
Cloaca - common chamber for GI, urinary tract, repro track
Vent - common exit of GI and urinary tract
74
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Mouth/beak?
Gathers and breaks down feed
75
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Esophagus?
tube from mouth to stomach
76
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Crop?
feed storage and moistening
77
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Proventriculus?
glandular stomach (HCL & gastric juices) for enzymatic breakdown
78
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Gizzard?
Muscular stomach for mechanical breakdown
79
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the small intestine?
enzymatic digestion of proteins, carbs, and fats. -absorption of end products of digestion
80
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Ceca?
essentially non functioning
81
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the large intestine?
bacterial activity, water absorption, waste storage
82
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Cloaca?
common chamber for GI, urinary tract, repro track
83
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Vent?
common exit of GI and urinary tract
84
In Poultry, what is the name for the organ that is responsible for feed storage and moistening?
Crop
85
In Poultry, what is the name for the organ that is the glandular stomach (HCL & gastric juices) responsible for enzymatic breakdown?
Proventriculus
86
In Poultry, what is the name for the organ that is the muscular stomach, responsible for mechanical breakdown?
Gizzard
87
In Poultry, what is the name for the organ that is responsible for the enzymatic digestion of proteins, carbs, and fats, and the absorption of end products of digestion?
Small intestine
88
In Poultry, what is the name for the digestive organ that is essentially non functioning?
Ceca
89
In Poultry, what is the name for the organ that is the common chamber for GI, urinary tract, and repro track?
Cloaca
90
In Poultry, what is the name for the organ that is the common exit of GI and urinary tract?
Vent
91
In Poultry, what is the name for the organ that is responsible for bacterial activity, water absorption, and waste storage?
Large intestine
92
List and Describe the five parts of the Avian reproductive/egg laying system, in order
Infundibulum - Funnel; picks up yolk after ovulation
Magnum - Secretes albumen/egg white (3 hours)
Isthmus - Secretes shell membrane (1.25 hours)
Uterus - Secretes calcium carbonate shell (20 hours)
Vagina - stores and expels fully formed egg; adds cuticle to egg (1 hr)
93
In the Avian reproductive/egg laying system, what function does the infundibulum serve?
How long does the egg remain here?
Funnel that picks up yolk after ovulation
Egg remains here undetermined amt of time
94
In the Avian reproductive/egg laying system, what function does the Magnum serve?
How long does the egg remain here?
Secretes albumen/egg white (3 hours)
95
In the Avian reproductive/egg laying system, what function does the Isthmus serve?
How long does the egg remain here?
Secretes shell membrane (1.25 hours)
96
In the Avian reproductive/egg laying system, what function does the Uterus serve?
How long does the egg remain here?
Secretes calcium carbonate shell (20 hours)
97
In the Avian reproductive/egg laying system, what function does the Vagina serve?
How long does the egg remain here?
Stores and expels fully formed egg; adds cuticle to egg; 1 hour
98
What part of the egg laying system is a funnel that picks up yolk after ovulation;
Egg remains here undetermined amt of time
Infundibulum
99
What part of the egg laying system secretes albumen/egg white (3 hours)?
Magnum
100
What part of the egg laying system secretes the shell membrane (1.25 hours)
Isthmus
101
What part of the egg laying system secretes the calcium carbonate shell (20 hours)
Uterus
102
What part of the egg laying system stores and expels the fully formed egg; adds cuticle to egg; 1 hour
Vagina
103
What three criteria are used for determining grade AA eggs?
White thick and firm,
Yolks are high, round, almost free from defects,
Clean and unbroken shells
104
What is Candling in poultry?
Examining intact egg using a strong light
105
What do you look for when Candling eggs? (3 entries)
Shell soundness, interior quality, stage of embryonic development
106
How many lbs of meat do Turkeys generate each year? Where are they native to?
7.2 billion lbs
US
107
What poultry is native to US and produced 7.2 billion lbs of meat each year?
Turkey
108
What are three uses for ducks?
Meat, Eggs, and Weed eaters
109
What poultry is used for meat, eggs, and weed eating?
Ducks
110
What three states lead in numbers of ducks? How many do they have?
Indiana, 1,179,062
Wisconsin, 832,573
California, 817,765
111
How many ducks are in Indiana?
1,179,062
112
How many ducks are in Wisconsin?
832,573
113
How many ducks are in California?
817,765
114
What state has 1,179,062 ducks?
Indiana
115
What state has 832,573 ducks?
Wisconsin
116
What state has 817,765 ducks?
California
117
Most breeds of duck originate from what species? What is the exception?
Wild Mallard;
Muscovy - S. America
118
In ducks, the Khaki Campbell is known for what?
Best egg layer
119
What is the best egg layer among ducks?
Khaki Campbell
120
What is the most desirable table duck?
Pekin
121
Among ducks, what is the Pekin known for?
Most desirable table duck
122
Where was the Muscovy duck developed? What are three characteristics
Brazil
Caruncles above the eyes and around the beak; quackless; has claws
123
What duck has caruncles above the eyes and around the beak, is quackless, and has claws? It was developed in Brazil
Muscovy
124
What happens when Muscovy breed with other ducks?
Steriles mules result
125
What duck breed is genetically different from all other duck breeds?
Muscovy
126
Geese are claimed to be the _____? What are they used for?
Oldest domestic animal
Good roughage burners
127
When were Geese used in China, symbolizing what?
6000 y.a.
Gifts to bride and groom symbolizing faithfulness and loyalty.
Geese are monogamous and mate for life
128
What poultry was used in China 6000 y.a., as wedding gifts to symbolize faithfulness and loyalty?
Geese
129
What poultry is monogamous and mates for life?
Geese
130
What poultry is claimed to be the oldest domestic animal, used as a good roughage burner?
Geese
131
The Toulouse goose is known for what characteristics?
Largest and most popular in the US, will practically have its body dragging on the ground
132
What goose variety is the largest and most popular in the US, and will practically have its body dragging on the ground?
Toulouse
133
What are three characteristics of the Emden goose?
Fast growth, large size
Blue eyes, tall and erect stance leads to air of intelligence
Can be sexed when younger because males are lighter in color
134
What goose variety is known for a fast growth, large size,
and blue eyes?
Emden
135
What goose variety is known for a tall and erect stance leading to an air of intelligence? They can be sexed when younger because males are lighter in color.
Emden
136
What are 4 signs of aggression in geese?
Beeline posture, neck stretched, head down, hissing sounds
137
How to prevent goose aggression? 5 ways.
Greeting, clapping, stomping feet, waving arms, and extending arms with a pointed finger
138
How do Muscovy ducks bond?
indiscriminately
139
What duck breed bonds indiscriminately?
Muscovy
140
What are the top three states for Ostriches?
Texas, Ca, KS
141
Texas, Ca, and KS are the top three states for what Poultry?
Ostrich
142
Males ostriches, called Cocks, have what characteristic? What should be done?
Extremely aggressive, should be fed or penned
