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Poultry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the etiology of Salmonella pullorum/gallinarum?

A

Salmonella eneterica subsp enterica pullorum-gallinarum

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2
Q

Is S gallinarum motile or non motile?

A

non motile

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3
Q

How is S gallinarum transmitted?

A

Laying of infected eggs that will infect healthy chicks

Intermittent shedding in feces

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4
Q

A chick comes to you with a pasting butt with chalky brown excreta, what is on your Ddx?

A

S. gallinarum

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5
Q

If you do a necropsy of a chick and find an enlarged liver/spleen with necrotic foci with swelling of hock joints, what are you thinking?

A

S gallinarum

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6
Q

If you have an adult chicken come in with anemia, diarrhea, that have lesions on the ovary that is mis-shapen pedunculated, what are you thinking?

A

S gallinarum

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7
Q

How do you prevent S gallinarum

A

Good management
Hygiene
Eliminate carriers*

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8
Q

How can you diagnose salmonella?

A

agglutination

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9
Q

What is the etiology of Paratyphoid infections?

A

S. enterica

2500 serotypes

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10
Q

Is Paratyphoid motile or non motile? What else do you need to be worried about with this dz?

A

motile

ZOONOTIC

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11
Q

How is Paratyphoid transmitted?

A

Direct ovarian (via egg)

Horizontal

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12
Q

How do chicks with Paratyphoid look

A

they stand with eyes closed, head down low with ruffled feathers

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13
Q

How can you prevent Paratyphoid

A

Egg sanitation/fumigatio

Hygiene

Euth

Vacc

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14
Q

Which salmonella is seen in Turkeys?

A

arizonae

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15
Q

Who are the resevoir hosts for arizonae

A

Wild birds
Rats
Mice
Reptiles

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16
Q

What are the C/S for arizonae

A

poults: past butt, leg weakness/twisting, blindness, nervous signs
Adults: asymptomatic

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17
Q

What is the main agent for air saculitis?

A

Avian Mycoplasmosis

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18
Q

When you prevent______ it reduces E. coli septicemia respiratory origin

A

Mycoplasma

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19
Q

At what age do broilers get M gallisepticum

A

4-8 wks

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20
Q

How is M gallisepticum transmitted?

A

Direct contact

Through egg via oviduct

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21
Q

What causes chronic respiratory dz in chickens?

A

M gallisepticum

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22
Q

What causes infectious sinusitis in turkeys?

A

M gallisepticum

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23
Q

How do you tx M gallisepticum?

A

bacteria free flocks

vacc

EGG DIPPING

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24
Q

Which Mycoplasma ONLY infects turkeys?

A

melegridis

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25
Which dz causes air sacculitis at 1 day old?
M melgridis
26
Which dz causes skeletal lesions at 1-6 wks old causing twisting, shortening of tarsometatrsal bones
M melegridis
27
How do you tx M melegridis
EGG DIPPING
28
How is M melegridis transmitted?
eggs horizontal
29
how do you prevent M melegridis?
avoid infected semen
30
How is M synoviae transmitted?
direct direct ovarian via egg
31
Who does M synoviae effect?
Turkey, chickens, guinea fowl
32
What are the two types of c/s you can get from M synoviae?
Joints: exudative synovitis, tendosynovitis, bursitis--creamy exudate spreads through body to caseous in joints and tendon sheaths. Hock joints and/or footpads are swollen but birds are active Respiratory: Subclinical upper respiratory infection, when complicated w/other agents = air sac
33
How can you tx M synoviae?
EGG DIPPING inactivated oil emulsion bacterin--variable results
34
Who does E coli effect
Chicken, turkeys ducks but infects all spp of birds
35
How is E coli spread?
Vertical Horizontal Feces--contaminates egg shell and penetrates **Who else spreads like this? motile Salmonella
36
Where/when will you see E coli infections? what is this similar to?
Embryo death in LATE incubation lesions in the embryo and chicks similar to paratyphoid peritonitis 1-3 wks, retained yolk, reduced weight after 3 weeks
37
What are the two types of coli septicemia?
Enteric (acute): mostly in Turkeys in bloodstream--moderate mortality. swollen liver with necrotic foci, heart with fibrinous pericarditis, congested muscles Respiratory: bloodstream, low mortality. air sacculitis, dark swollen liver, with perihepatitis, chronic pericarditis
38
What are your ddx for E coli?
Omphalitis caused by other agents Acute septicemia could be caused by salmonella-fowl cholera
39
Why do you need to be careful with the tx of e coli?
frequent drug resistance
40
What does P. multocida cause?
Fowl Cholera
41
P multocida isolates from (this spp) are pathogenic to poultry
Pigs
42
How is fowl cholera spread?
Direct The survivors are carriers
43
Who is more susceptible to Fowl Cholera?
Turkey more than chickens--but most spp of birds can get it. Mature chickens are more susc than young
44
how long does it take for birds to die in the acute form of FC?
2 days w/o c/s
45
If a bird presents subacutely with hemorrhages on subepicardium, intestine, fat and serosa, enlarged and necrotic liver. the turkey will have hepatitis and pericarditis?
Fowl Cholera
46
What does fowl cholera cause in turkeys?
unilateral pneumonia and pleuritis
47
chronic forms of fowl cholera causes?
caseous exudate in localized tissue ex: it is in the ear--otitis causes torticollis. swelling of wattles
48
How do you diagnose fowl cholera?
smears stained with giemsa/culture
49
Do you tx fowl cholera, and if so what?
Ab chemotherapy-ab and sulfa
50
How can you prevent/control fowl cholera?
Vacc 6-8 wks, repeat after 8wks. will last 6-8 months. but only in endemic areas Px by good management
51
In broilers, what is a serious emerging zoonosis? How do humans get this?
Campy improper handling and consumption of contaminated poultry or poultry products.
52
Transmission of Campy
Feces.
53
c/s and Lesions of campy
no c/s lesions: distention of intestine w/mucus and watery content. Toxic strains cause hemorrhages in the intestine and liver
54
Dx campy?
Isolation of bacteria on artificial media and in embryos
55
What are the AI conditions that Campy can cause in humans
Guillain barre syndrome-neuro-muscular paralysis associated with inflammatory polyneuropathy Fishers Syndrome Reither's Syndrom-non purulent reactive arthritis
56
How can you control campy?
No vacc so you need to have good management procedures. preharvest control: biosecurity, frequent collection and cleaning of eggs, clean water and food post harvest control: reduce microbial contamination during processing, spray washers w/chlorine, scalding immersions, Antimicrobial additions in water, gamma irradiation, freezing
57
What is the etiology of spirochetosis?
Borrelia anserina and burgdorferi
58
Who are the hosts for Spirochetosis
Geese, turkey, chicken, duck, canaries, and pheasants
59
How do spirchetes spread?
Biological: Soft tick Mechanical: Infected needles, contaminated fee, blood, water and feces
60
C/S spirochetes
fever, anemia, diarrhea, paralysis, arthritis
61
What lesions do spirochetes cause
enlargement and necrosis of liver and spleen
62
How can you dx spirochetes?
examination of blood smear isolation of bacteria in embryos serology
63
Can you tx, and with what, and how do you control spirochetes?
Ab Immunization w/bacterin---but not available in US****** tick control
64
What causes severe dz in rheas? how is it spread?
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae fecal oral
65
B hyodysenteriae, c/s, lesions, who is it more common in
Watery diarrhea, and die suddenly w/o c/s. More common in young adults more than 6 mo old. Lesions: necrotic typhilitis
66
What are the Ddx for B hyodysenteriae
Salmonella, clostridia, histomoniasis, and EEEV
67
What is the tx for B hyo and control?
Dimetridozole, lincomycin, erythromycin control: No Vacc, only biosecurity
68
What are all the dz that clostridium causes?
Ulcerative enteritis necrotitic enteritis gangrenous dermatitis botulism yolk sac infections
69
What are the other names for botulism?
Limber neck western duck sickness
70
What causes serious outbreaks in waterfowls?
C. Botulinum type C
71
What are the signs and lesions for C botulinum
weakness incoordination of wing/neck due to paralysis of m death in coma from resp failure no lesions************
72
How do you dx botulism?
you grab some intestinal contents form the bird, and inject it into mice to see if the mice becomes paralyzed. this demonstrates toxin
73
How do you tx botulism?
antitoxin
74
What is the etiology of infectious coryza?
Avibacterium paragallinarum serotype A,B,C
75
Who is the natural host for coryza? transmission?
chicken direct from infected and carrier birds
76
Who are least susceptible to coryza?
birds up to 10 wks
77
Is coryza important in the US?
yes!
78
If a chicken comes in with swelling of infraorbital sinuses, edema of face and closing of the eye?
Coryza
79
More chronic cases of coryza cause?
caseous pus in swollen wattles, open mouth breathing
80
How do you isolate coryza?
Sterilize the area beneath the eye and the corner of the break with a hot spatula, then a cut into the infra-orbital sinus, insert a bacteriological loop
81
How do you control coryza?
Depopulate in case of an outbreak Vacc-formalin killed oil adjuvant vacc at 10-12 wks, then repeat after 4 wks, immunity only lasts 7-8 months
82
How is Mycobacterium Avium transmitted?
Feces Oral
83
Which mycobacterium is a serious problem in zoos?
m tuberculosis
84
Progressive weight loss, atrophy of muscles, knife edge appearance of breast bone. Paralysis w/bone lesions, chronic diarrhea, anemia
Mycobacteriosis
85
Where are your lesions common in mycobact.
liver, spleen, intestines and bone marrow
86
what do the lesions look like in mycobact.
varying in size, irregular grayish yellow nodules w/caseous foci
87
What pathogen do you diagnose with an acid-fast stain. you should see bacilli in smears and sections
Mycobacteriosis
88
What kind of serology can you do with mycobacteriosis
Tuberculin test---inj in wattles Whole blood agglutination test
89
How do you control mycobacteriosis?
Depopulate (+) flocks never keep swine and chickens together
90
What are the chlamydiosis that cause dz in birds
Psittaci Pneumonia Felis Caviae Abortus
91
What are the virulence of chlamydiosis
Psittaci Virulent strain: mostly from turkeys cause dz in man Low virulence: from pigeons and ducks and other avian spp, slowly progressing epidemics
92
How is chlamydiosis spread?
Feces nasal discharge infection is through inhalation or ingestion of infected dust/excreta In pigeons: parent to nestling feeding
93
Where are your lesions found in chlamydiosis
Lung, liver spleen and serous membranes
94
What are the c/s for chlaymdiosis
they vary w/age and host and pathogenicity of the strain
95
What are the c/s and lesions of chlamydiosis in turkeys?
If virulent: fever, gelatinous yellow green droppings. Liver and spleen enlarged, necrotic and fibrin coated. Fibrinous exudate on serous membranes. Pleural cavity contains fibrinous exudate. Swelling of head is nasal glands involved
96
What does chlamydiosis look like in ducks and geese
anorexic, unbalanced gait, green water feces. Serous or purulent discharge from eyes and nostrils. Lesions are similar to turkeys
97
Chlamydiosis in pigeons
also called parrot fever conjunctivitis, swollen eyes and rhinitis. chronically affected pigeons show weakness. rattling sound.
98
Chlamydiosis in psittacines
Conjunctivitis, rhinits, diarrhea, polyuria, dyspneic, icterus. Less freq: leg weakness, parallysis and torticollis. C/S wax and wane
99
How can you diagnose chlamydiosis
Isolation and ID of the organism and demonstrate rising Ab titers.
100
Tx and prevention/control of chlamydiosis
Tetracyclines in feed or water for 2 wks controls it. Pigeons require repetition of tx. Withdraw tx 2 days prior to slaughter BIOSECURITY: reportable. Quarantine is 45 days with tx

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