Poverty and Pauperism

Question 1

How many poorhouses had been build by 1776?

Answer 1

2,000 with 20-50 inmates

Question 2

When was the Elizabethan Poor Act passed?

Answer 2

1601

Question 3

When was the Gilbert’s Act passed?

Answer 3

1782

Question 4

When did the war with France begin and end?

Answer 4

1793-1815

Question 5

Who administered relief before 1834?

Answer 5

‘Overseers of the Poor’ under authority of Justice of Peace.

Question 6

What acts were passed in 1818 and 1819 to tighten down the parish relief system?

Answer 6

1818 - Act for Regulation of Parish Vestries
1819 - Act to Amend the laws for Relief of the Poor.
-> private citizens have power to scrutinise relief given.

Question 7

When was the Speenhamland system introduced?

Answer 7

1795

Question 8

What was the population of the 1801 Census?

Answer 8

9 million (double when the Elizabethan poor law was introduced)

Question 9

How much money on average was spent on the poor between 1814 and 1818.

Answer 9

£6.4 million

Question 10

Between 1802 and 1803 what percentage of the north received relief vs the south?

Answer 10

10% in the north. 23% in the south.

Question 11

What did the Royal Commission of 1832 suggest?

Answer 11

• removal of outdoor relief
• more punishing workhouse
• grouping of parishes to manage workhouses
• central board

Question 12

Where were the swing riots (1830s) most prevalent?

Answer 12

In counties with the Speenhamland system.

Question 13

What key individuals were apart of the Royal Commission?

Answer 13

Nassau Senior and Edwin Chadwick

Question 14

When was the poor law amendment act?

Answer 14

1834

Question 15

When was the first instalment of Oliver Twist published?

Answer 15

1837

Question 16

When was Outdoor Relief prohibited?

Answer 16

1844

Question 17

When was the Andover Scandal?

Answer 17

1845

Question 18

When was the Huddersfield scandal?

Answer 18

1848

Question 19

When was Elizabeth Gaskell’s Mary Barton published?

Answer 19

1848, exposes lives of workers in Manchester.

Question 20

When was Samuel Smiles’ Self help published?

Answer 20

1859

Question 21

When was the Metropolitan Poor Act passed?

Answer 21

1867

Question 22

When was the Charity Organisation Society set up?

Answer 22

1869

Question 23

What theory did Thomas Malthus come up with?

Answer 23

Malthusian Catastrophe

Question 24

When and what did Malthus publish?

Answer 24

1798 ‘An Essay on the Principle of Population’

Question 25

What did Joseph Townsend publish?

Answer 25

1786 ‘Dissertation on the Poor Laws’ -> helping the poor denied the full extent of the lesson that real poverty could provide.

Question 26

What theory did Daniel Ricardo believe in?

Answer 26

Wage Fund theory - > money on poor relief could be spent paying workers.

Question 27

What was the 1817 poor employment act?

Answer 27

Money set aside to employ able-bodied paupers to work on public works.

Question 28

What were the two viewpoints on poverty?

Answer 28

1. Fatalistic - always would be a form of poverty. 2. Moralistic - weakness of character.

Question 29

When was Paine’s Rights of Man published?

Answer 29

1791

Question 30

What did Robert Owen set up?

Answer 30

Model Factory in New Lanark, Scotland that provided education and good working conditions to ‘raise up’ the working people.

Question 31

When did Sir Titus Salt set up Saltaire?

Answer 31

1848, model community.

Question 32

What did Bentham’s idea of Utilitarianism advocate for?

Answer 32

Two motivators: pleasure and pain. Gov should make decisions on happiness principle: ‘greatest happiness for the greatest number’.

Question 33

What prison model did Bentham propose?

Answer 33

Panopticon prison model.

Question 34

What did Bentham’s philosophy invent the basis for?

Answer 34

The poor law amendment act and royal commission as it added intellectual weight to demand.

Question 35

During the depression what percentage of GDP was spent on poor relief?

Answer 35

2%

Question 36

What was the cost of poor relief per head after 1824?

Answer 36

9s 2d

Question 37

What was the cost of poor relief per head between 1819 and 1823?

Answer 37

11s 7d

Question 38

What did the Poor law amendment act do?

Answer 38

- set up poor law commission - grouped parishes for workhouse management - discouraged outdoor relief

Question 39

How many unions were the parishes organised into under the poor law amendment act?

Answer 39

15,000 parishes into 600 unions.

Question 40

Who were the guardians of the poor law?

Answer 40

Local board of men who overlooked parish unions.

Question 41

How many workhouses by 1839?

Answer 41

350

Question 42

By 1862, how much did it cost to house a pauper in a workhouse vs give outdoor relief?

Answer 42

Housing a pauper cost 4s 8d and outdoor relief cost 2s 3d.

Question 43

How much more expensive was indoor relief than outdoor relief in the countryside?

Answer 43

50-100% more expensive

Question 44

What political group opposed the new poor law?

Answer 44

Tories didn’t like centralised system.

Question 45

What did William Cobett say about the Poor Law Amendment Act?

Answer 45

Removed the ‘right’ to relief by making claimants seem like criminals.

Question 46

How many rioters were involved in the parish union of Ampthill in Bedfordshire?

Answer 46

300-500 people

Question 47

What two middle class men supported anti-poor law protest in the north?

Answer 47

Richard Oastler and MP Micheal Sadler

Question 48

What did the Board of Guardians refuse to elect in Huddersfield 1837?

Answer 48

An administrator of the union of parishes.

Question 49

Who was the master of Andover?

Answer 49

Colin McDougal

Question 50

How many inmates committed crimes to escape Andover?

Answer 50

61

Question 51

Who took his concerns of Andover to which MP?

Answer 51

Hugh Mundy (poor law guardian) to local MP Thomas Wakely.

Question 52

Who publicised the Andover Scandal?

Answer 52

The times editor, John Walter

Question 53

When was the Poor Law Commission replaced by the Poor Law Board?

Answer 53

1847

Question 54

How many workhouses were built between the years 1851 and 1866?

Answer 54

100

Question 55

How many workhouses had been built in the immediate years after 1834?

Answer 55

402

Question 56

What was Henry Mayhew’s book called and when was it published?

Answer 56

London labour and the London poor in 1849.

Question 57

When was the working house visiting society set up?

Answer 57

1858

Question 58

What was the name of the house for ‘fallen women’ opened by Dickens and Coutts?

Answer 58

Urania Cottage in 1847

Question 59

How much money did Coutts donate in total in today’s monetary value?

Answer 59

£350 million

Question 60

When was the medical journal, the lancet published?

Answer 60

1865 and investigated the quality of medical care in London’s workhouses.

Question 61

What and when did Thomas Carlyle write his book?

Answer 61

‘Past and Present’ in 1843

Question 62

What did Carlyle refer to the workhouses as?

Answer 62

‘Poor law prisons’

Question 63

How many copies had self help sold by the end of the 19th century?

Answer 63

250,000 copies