Poverty, Livelihoods, and Sustainable Development Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are the challenges of the rural poor?
Climate change, economic transitions (i.e. industrialisation & urbanisation), governance failures (i.e. land rights or civil conflict)
What are the observed impacts of climate change?
Climate hazards impact livelihood resources. Warming trends and droughts pose high risk to a broad range of livelihood resources that the poor rely on. Life, bodily health and food security; and crop yield (agricultural productivity) are most at risk due to a broad range of climate hazards.
How does climate change impact poverty and inequality?
Recovery from climate change is complex. Sustained long-term investments are needed in ‘soft’ aspects of development (community organisation & mental health). Climate change + non-climate drivers = ↑ probability of long-term chronic poverty.
What are the disproportionate impacts of climate hazards?
The broader climate agenda needs to consider how social structures intersect with climate hazards.
What are the long-lasting effects of climate change on poverty & inequality?
Examples of areas severely impacted by climate change include: Mali after drought 1982 – 1984, Hurricane Katrina 2005, Hurricane Mitch 1998, Hurricane Maria 2017.
How do climate change impacts and SDGs interact?
Complex interactions are impacting development. High inequality and poverty (Africa, Central Asia, Central America) + Climate change is increasing: water insecurity (SDG 6), food insecurity (SDG 2) (directly/crop failure or indirectly/food prices). Targeting poverty may negatively influence all other SDGs.
What are maladaptation responses to climate change?
Have unintended consequences. Result from not addressing the root cause of vulnerabilities. Adaptation strategies redistribute risks to already poor and marginalised communities in the Global South. Include inequitable policies, benefits and support.
What are adaptation responses with positive outcomes to climate change?
See Table: Climate change mitigation responses in source.
What are climate change responses that protect the poor and vulnerable?
Timely: weeks or months (not years). Targeted: focus on affected communities or groups. Sustainable: long-lasting results leading to self-sufficiency. Integrated: Multifaceted and involve the engagement of various actors (vulnerable communities, government agencies, NGOs, civil society, media).
What are the spatial hotspots of vulnerability & mortality?
3.3 billion people live in very high to highly vulnerable countries. 1.8 billion people live in low to very low vulnerable countries.
What is regional vulnerability to climate change?
Moderate changes in global mean temperature (i.e. ↑ 1.5°C) will result in substantial ↑ risks for > 3 billion people due to high vulnerability. These countries face multiple development challenges at once, often caused by issues from colonisation & marginalisation, including high debts.
What is loss and damage as a result of climate change?
Negative impacts of climate change, mostly incurred by vulnerable or marginalised communities. ‘Residual Impacts’ can remain for the rest of a person’s life. Includes economic and non-economic loss and damage. Important to consider both economic and non-economic loss and damage when designing adaptation strategies & programs.
How are livelihoods shifting due to climate change?
People are modifying livelihood activities, broadening livelihood strategies, completely changing livelihood activity. These changes can lead to social tipping points.
What are shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) scenarios?
Various development pathways (i.e., levels of economic growth, poverty, inequality, demographic change). Utilised alongside emission scenarios (RCPs) in CMIP6 climate model used in IPCC AR6.
What are social tipping points?
Climate change has the potential to trigger major and sudden social transformations. There is no linear relationship between climate change and the social impacts they produce. Social tipping points can: push and aggravate economic, social, and political stressors; reduce the ability of people and systems to cope; overwhelm systems; lead to a cascade of disruptions (e.g. livelihood insecurity, migration, displacement, food insecurity, impoverishment, civil and political conflict, change of political regimes).
What is climate resilient development?
“Development that minimises the harm caused by climate change impacts, while maximising the many human development opportunities presented by a low emission, more resilient future.”
What is the relationship between sustainable development and the adaptation gap?
Even with low emissions, if poverty and inequality stay high, impacts remain high, and may overwhelm adaptation capacity.
