Powell Flashcards
(16 cards)
Primary immunodeficiency
Congenital immunodeficiency
Congenital ImmunoD
Primary ImmunoD
Secondary ImmunoD
Acquired ImmunoD
Acquired ImmunoD
Secondary ImmunoD
Toll-like Receptors importance
Conserved across widely diverse species
Any loss-of-function mutation has negative consequences for survival
Primary ImmunoD affects what
One or more of T, B lymphocytes, NK cells, phagocytic cells, and complement proteins
ImmunoD may result from defects in leukocyte maturation or activation from defects in effector mechanisms of innate & adaptive immunity
Result of deficient humoral immunity
Increased susceptibility to infection by pyogenic bacteria
Result of deficient cell-mediated immunity
Increased susceptibility to viruses and other intracellular pathogens
Symptoms of XLA
All Ab isotypes are very low Circulating B cells usually absent Pre-B cells in reduced #s in bone marrow Tonsils & lymph nodes are small Survive 6-9 months from mothers IgG
Symptoms of XL Hyper-IgM
Very low serum IgG, IgA, and IgE
Similar to XLA, survive 1-2 years before recurrent infection
Contrary to XLA, cause lymphoid hyperplasia
Cause of XL Hyper-IgM
Loss of function of CD40 ligand expressed on helper T cells
B cells are not signaled by T cell to go through isotype switching, so they only produce IgM
Treatment of deficient humoral immunity
Routine prophylactic antibiotics or gamma-globulin therapy (injecting ig)
Treatment of deficient cell-mediated immunity
Very few if any treatments
Bone marrow transplant
DiGeorge’s syndrome cause & effect
Cause is thymic hypoplasia from defects in development
Effect is decreased # of T cells & increased B cells (B cells need T to function so only as many as there are T cells can work properly)
XSCID effect & symptoms
Symptoms present with diarrhea & infections in first few months of life
Effect is few or no T cells & NK cells
May have elevated B cells that do no produce Ig normally
Which cells does HIV infect
CD4+ T cells
Can move to macrophages and DC cells as well
