Power

Question 0

What are examples of natural status strivers?

Answer 0

Children- agree on who is the toughest kid

Question 1

What are examples of hierarchies?

Answer 1

Animals e.g.lobsters- very competitive and once a lobster has been beaten by a superior lobster, they will be wary of them later
Structures of competitions- mating opportunity,food

Question 2

What is linked to social rank?

Answer 2

Reproductive success- success is pleasure able

Question 3

What are examples or societies that are not hierarchical?

Answer 3

Hunter-gatherers

- they have respected individuals but no elevated rank

Question 4

What are compulsory habits in the Kung society?

Answer 4

Humbleness
They dislike stinginess or arrogance
Elaborate devices for puncturing the bubble of conceit and enforcing humility
-e.g. Downplaying the value of others gifts

Question 5

What were the results of experiments of those societies that store food vs those that live hand to mouth

Answer 5

80% food storers have significant status and wealth

7% of those who are non food stores had social status

Question 6

What is costly signalling?

Answer 6

• peacock feathers are a handicap to get away from predators, but make it more desirable because if they are so obvious they must be strong to be able to survive

For humans, giving away resources shows you have wealth, but it insults the rivals because it shows your status

Question 7

How do social classes emerge?

Answer 7

With economic productivity and surpluses

Question 8

What is social levelling?

Answer 8

Goods within reach of everyday folk e.g. Everyone can have a car, even though some cars might have more expensive cars than those who are poorer.

Question 9

What’s conspicuous consumption?

Answer 9

Purchasing items that have little utility, but look very expensive and provide a particular image.

Question 10

What are advantages of hierarchy?

Answer 10

Dividing resources
Complex group decisions are made manageable
Efficient coordination towards goal e.g. Pyramids
Enhances Individual sacrifice - working to please charismatic leader

Question 11

What is the definition of power

Answer 11

THe ability to control our own outcomes and those of others; the freedom to act

Question 12

What is the definition of status?

Answer 12

THe outcome of an evaluation of attributes that produces differences in respect and prominence, which in part determines an individual’s power within a group

Question 13

What is an example of power?

Answer 13

Receptionist at high surgeons office

Question 14

What are the types of power documented by French and Raven

Answer 14

Coercive
Reward-‘parent child
Expert- specialist knowledge
Legitimate/Authority- power you have from the office you hold.
Referent- identification or attraction to source of power

Question 15

What is example of status

Answer 15

Politician using status to get out of breath analysis

Question 16

Who becomes a leader?

Answer 16

Machiavelli: deception, manipulation
You need to have people fearing you

Research doesn’t support this- instead those who have expertise and skill in a particular area, they rise to be leaders
They tend to be those who are more extroverted and have good social skills
Those who share resources selflessly

Question 17

How does power affect people?

Answer 17

Approach/inhibition theory
- high powered individuals are inclined to go after their goals and make quick judgements, whereas low power individuals are more likely to constrain their behaviour and attend to others carefully

Question 18

What is high power in inhibition theory.

Answer 18

Green light to pursue ones goals
Less concerned about others/ less inhibited
-Less accurate at judging others emotions
-Less empathy.
-Sexually assertive
-Antisocial behaviour: interrupt, act rudely
Less careful in making decisions
- rely on race and sex stereotypes when judging others

Question 19

What’s low power in inhibition theory?

Answer 19

Low power:yellow light/caution
Higher concern about others/more inhibited
- constrict their posture
- less expressive behaviour
- withdraw from group interactions
-inhibit speech

Question 20

What was the experiment by duguid and goncalo in height and power?

Answer 20

Subjects arrive in pairs and height was measure
Told they would be in a business assimilation
Then questionnaires on personal information (eye colour, height) and power manipulation check

Question 21

What was the result of the height experiment?

Answer 21

Actual height did not differ between high power and low power
People induced to feel high power estimated that they were much taller than they actually were, as opposed to those of low power were more realistic

Question 22

What is perceptual vastness

Answer 22

The sense that one has encountered something immense in size, number, scope, complexity, ability or social bearing.

Question 23

What are features of awe?

Answer 23

Primordial emotion:

• evolved, hard wired, pre cultural set of responses
• disgust- rejection of decayed food
• fear: fast approaching objects, darkness
• awe: emotional reaction of a subordinate to greater beings

Question 24

Feature of awe cont.

Answer 24

Elaborated emotions

• culture specific norms,meanings and practises, built up around the emotion
• disgust: racists
• Fear: uni exams
• awe: planets

Question 25

What are the two features of awe?

Answer 25

Primordial emotions

Elaborated emotions

Question 26

What is the giving pledge?

Answer 26

For wealthy people to give at least half of their wealth to charity

Question 27

How to we measure social class?

Answer 27

By social economic status

• combination of wealth/ income
• education
• prestige of profession

Question 28

Who is more giving?

Answer 28

Those on incomes under 75000 gave 7.6%
Over 100000 gave 4.2%
200000 gave 2.8%
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Question 29

What are the results of who gives away more of their money?

Answer 29

The poor give away more of what they have

The upper classes hold onto their wealth