Power Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is Political Power
Power held by those with the backing of the law
What is Personal Power
Power held by individuals as a result of their roles in organisations
What is Social Group Power
Power held as a result of being a member of a dominant social group
What is Instrumental Power
Power used to maintain and enforce authority
What is Influential Power
Power used to influence and persuade others
What is Power in the Discourse
The ways in which power is manifested in situations through language
What is Practical Power
Power through physical actions, violence, skill, money, goods or services
What is Power behind the Discourse
The focus on social and ideological reasons behind the enactment of power
What types of power did Wearing suggest
- Political Power
- Personal Power
- Social Group Power
What ideas did Norman Fairclough suggest
- Instrumental Power
- Influential Power
- Power in the Discourse
- Power behind the Discourse
What are the 2 different types of modal auxiliaries
Epistemic and Deontic
What is Epistemic modality
Constructions that express degrees of possibility, probability or certainty
e.g. Could
What is Deontic Modality
Constructions that express degrees of necessity and obligation
e.g. Will
What is synthetic personalisation
Using personalised language, e.g. ‘You’ to construct a relationship with the audience
What is Power Asymmetry in spoken discourse
A marked difference on the power status of individuals involved in discourse
What is the ‘Powerful Participant’ in spoken discourse
A speaker with a higher status in a given context, who is therefore able to impose a degree of power
What is the ‘Less powerful participants’ in spoken discourse
Those with less status in a given context, who are subject to constraints imposed by more powerful participants
What are constraints
Ways in which powerful participants may block or control the contributions of less powerful participants e.g. Controlling context or interrupting
What is formulation
The rewording of another’s contribution by a powerful participant to impose a certain meaning or understanding
What is ‘positive face’
The need to feel wanted, liked and appreciated
What is ‘negative face’
The need to have freedom of thought and action and not feel imposed on
What is Rhetoric
The art of persuasive discourse
Aristotle established 3 key types of Rhetoric, what are they
- Ethos - dependant upon the individual character of the speaker or writer, this will determine the viewpoint and tone chosen for the discourse
- Pathos - form of persuasion with works on the emotions of the audience, directly appealing to their sensitivities
- Logos - based on reasoned argument, the structure is important since it will help convince the audience of the logo of that is being said or written
What is Alliteration
The repetition of a consonant, often in the initial position
e.g. Help Labour Build a Better Britain
In advertisements, captions and headlines this device can be used to make the text more eye catching and memorable
