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Power and The People Flashcards

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1
Q

What were 3 causes of the Magna Carta?

A

War, Religion, Taxes

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2
Q

What year did the Magna Carta happen?

A

1215

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3
Q

What was the impact of the Magna Carta?

A

Short term- ignored
Long term- right not to be imprisoned without a fair trial, within 50 years, England had a parliament for the barons.
The impact was fairly high as it made sure that the king stayed under the rule of law .

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4
Q

When and where did King John meet the Barons?

A

15 June 1215 at Runnymede

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5
Q

Significance of the Magna Carta

A

The Magna Carta was about Kings and barons not ordinary people. As time went on, Magna Carta applied to more people and became a symbol of people power.

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6
Q

According to the Magna Carta, what did John agree to?

A

He agreed to stop unfair taxes, allow Barents to inherit land, let the Church make appointments, prevent arrest without trial, create 25 barons to monitor the king.

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7
Q

Why was king John seen as a bad king?

A

He argued with the church, and the pope excommunicated him
He was a poor war, leader and lost land in France
Increase scutage tax to pay for war
He lost the Crown Jewels

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8
Q

When did the origins of parliament happen?

A

1264

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9
Q

How was money a cause of the origins of parliament?

A

There was anger over how the king was raising funds.
Henry III was short of money.

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10
Q

How was government a course of the origins of parliament?

A

There is anger over the influence of the French court.
Henry wasn’t listening to the barons in court

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11
Q

How is role of the individual a cause origins of parliament?

A

Simon de Montfort - he let the baronial revolt against King Henry the third and was ruler of England for less than a year.
Simon times England in 1269, and publicly respected Henry .

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12
Q

What happened during the origins of parliament?

A

Did Mumford set a parliament in 1265 because he was unpopular and it would include to knights from each country. He wanted to strengthen his situation.

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13
Q

What was the impact of the origins of parliament?

A

Short time was little- the king ignored it
Long time, it’s death of a place where people could represent themselves and their ideas

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14
Q

What were the provisions of Oxford and when did they happen?

A

They happen in 1258. They force King Henry to agree to 15 barons being in the great council. It also gave the barons more power. However, Henry refused to sign them so the barons asked de Montford to lead an army

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15
Q

In 1258, De Montford how did the meeting of the great council what is the significance of this?

A

The meeting of the great council in 1258 was the first time come in at work and sorted, and it was seen as the first parliament.

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16
Q

What did Montford’s parliament become?

A

A symbol of democratic principles ( like Magna Carta)

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17
Q

When did the peasants revolt happen?

A

1381

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18
Q

What are the causes of the peasants revolt?

A

Political, economic, social, war

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19
Q

How was political and economic cause of the peasants revolt?

A

Political - they wanted legal protection. Especially from unfair taxation. Less harsh laws, more freedom, and equality
Economic - cost of living with high, rising wages, led to the phrase” no taxation without representation”, tax collectors levied a poll tax, and this was unfair.

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20
Q

What was the significance of the peasants revolt?

A

This significance of the event increased over time.
It was the first time commoners had rebelled against royal power .
Short-term - failed
Long time - peasants were never taxed as heavily again and peasants wages continuedto rise

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21
Q

When did the pilgrimage of grace happen?

A

1536

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22
Q

What happened during the pilgrimage of grace?

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A

Henry broke with the Catholic Church and made himself supreme head of the Church of England. He dissolved the monasteries to get money for war with France.

23
Q

What did Henry want during the pilgrimage of grace?

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A

Henry wanted a divorce from his first wife, but the pipe wouldn’t allow it. So Henry was excommunicated and made his own church.

24
Q

Who was the leader of the pilgrimage of grace?

25
What are the causes of the pilgrimage of grace.
Social, economic, religious, political
26
What were the impacts of the pilgrimage of grace?
Allowed Henry to emerge, stronger and more firmly in control (no one dared oppose him). All monasteries were closed and religious reforms continues and even spider
27
When did the English revolution happen?
1629-1658
28
What were the causes of the English revolution ?
Religion, money and power
29
What was Charles like during the English Revolution?
he fell out with parliament He ruled without a parliament for 11 years. Charles believed in Divine right ( he was appointed by god).
30
During the English Revolution, what was Charles relationship like with parliament?
Bad fell out with them Parliament drew up the Grand Remonstrance (a list of demands for Charles) He also tried to arrest 5 MPs which made parliament angry.
31
During the English revolution who created the new model army and what did this do?
Oliver Cromwell created the new model army which helped parliament with the civil war.
32
Why did Charles get put on trial?
300 MPs were ejected from parliament, leaving only the rump parliament to put Charles on trial. He was found guilty of treason and executed on 30 January 1649
33
Significance of English Revolution.
England became a republic after Charles was executed. Oliver Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector.
34
What happened after Charles died?
Parliament restored the monarchy after Cromwell died. Charles I's son became king. Parliament met more regularly and was not influenced so much by the temperament and abilities of the king.
35
when did the American Revolution happen?
1776-1783
36
How did the American Revolution begin?
The 13 British colonies in America were taxed but did not get an MP in parliament.
37
What did the colonies declare in 1776 in American Revolution?
1776 colonies declared themselves independent from Britain.
38
Significance of the American Revolution.
-British empire grew as Britain took over Australia, New Zealand and India. -war defeat exposed weakness in the British government. -First time a colony had rejected rule by a european power. -Ideas of peoples' rights spread to France where a revolution broke out.
39
American Revolution: what happened in 1783.
Britain sent a large army but could not keep up the fight and surrendered in 1783. Also trade between Britain and North America increased.
40
When did the Great reform act happen?
1832
41
info about the great reform act.
-In the early nineteenth century the British electoral system was corrupt. ​ -There were rotten boroughs who sent an MP to Parliament even though no one lived there while new industrial towns had no MP.​ -Only people who owned property could vote.​ -There was no secret ballot.​ -The government increased taxes on corn after the Napoleonic Wars.​
42
What was the Peterloo Massacre and when did it happen?
⦁In August 1819, 60,000-80,000 of people met in St Peters Fields in Manchester to listen to Henry ‘Orator’ Hunt talk about reform. They wanted reform of parliamentary representation, universal suffrage and equal electoral districts. Peacefully protested. Cavalry charged into the crowd injury many and killing dozens
43
How was the 1832 Reform act caused?
partly caused by Reform Riots of 1832, where here were riots when in England when parliament decided against reform to give Britain's industrial cities and towns better representation.
44
What did the reform act state?
- one in five men( who had property and earned over £10 a year) got the vote
45
Accoriding to the classes what did they think of the reform act?
-Middle Class were relatively happy with the changes. -Working Class still could not vote -Country was still run by the rich
46
When did Chartism happen and what was the document called made by Lovett?
'The People's Charter of 1838'
47
What are the main points of the people's charter?
-A vote for every man over 21 years of age. -Secret ballot (instead of voting in public) ⦁MPs do not have to own property ⦁MPs will be paid ⦁Equal voting constituencies ⦁An election every year for Parliament
48
What were the 6 demands of the Chartists.
-votes for all men -equal size constituencies -voting in secret - wages for MPs -no property qualification for voters - annual elections **
49
Short term and long term impact of the chartism demands.
The chartists did not achieve their aims in the short term. However, by 1928 all except one of their six aims had been realised.
50
What did the chartists do in 1848?
The Chartists presented a petition to parliament. They claimed it had 5 million signatured but it only had 2 million.
51
What were the corn laws?
Made bread expensive
52
What did the anti-corn league do to protest?
They used pamphlets and meetings to protest.
53
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