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History > Power And The People (up to women's rights) > Flashcards

Power And The People (up to women's rights) Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Factors influencing power

A 
War
Religion
Chance
Government
Communication
The economy
Ideas
Roles of individuals
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2
Q

The order of the feudal system (bottom -> top)

A

King
Barons
Knights
Peasants

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3
Q

Manga carter signed in

A

June 1215 by king John

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4
Q

Significance of sealing of manga carter

A

Led to civil war in 1215 when king John and Pope innocent III rejected and broke it
Inspired action by others in history - Jefferson and USA independence, Ghandi
Actual clauses remain in force in English law today

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5
Q

Magna carter renewed 3 times

A

1217, 1225, 1897

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6
Q

John made king

A

After brother Richard in 1199

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7
Q

1204

A

John loses land in Normandy to the French King

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8
Q

1208

A

William de Briouze paid 40,000 marks (£27,000) to make peace with John and have his lands restored

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9
Q

1211

A

Robert de Vaux fined excessively (2000 marks - £1300)) for the ‘Kings’s benevolence’

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10
Q

1213

A

John de Lacy had to pay 7000 marks (£4600) just to inherit his fathers land

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11
Q

Scutage

A

A payment barons could pay directly to the king to avoid fighting for the king

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12
Q

John used scutage 11 times

A

Between 1199-1214

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13
Q

1214

A

Barons refuse to pay scutage

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14
Q

1207

A

Pope appointed Stephen Langton as Archbishop or Canterbury. King John wanted appoint his own man as archbishop. Challenged pop and began to confiscate charges ordinarily paid to the church

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15
Q

In response to withdrawal of church funding

A

The pope excommunicated John and suspended all church services

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16
Q

1212

A

Pope went as far as to say it was not a sin to kill a king

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17
Q

1213

A

John reached an agreement with the pope by promising to restore customs and laws followed at the time of Edward the Confessor

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18
Q

Final straw for barons

A

Another defeat in France in 1214

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19
Q

It was clear John could not regain Normandy

A

After the Battle of Bouvines

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20
Q

The barons plotted to challenge John

A

Circulated Henry I’s charter of Liberties as an example of rights they wanted John to give them

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21
Q

The pope now supported John

A

Ordered the barons to remain faithful to their king

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22
Q

May 1215

A

Vocal support from London for the barons to challenge the king

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23
Q

The barons opposing John met him at Runnymede in June 1215

Study These Flashcards
A

The barons presented a list of demands - to become the Magna Carta

24
Q

King John signed the charter

Study These Flashcards
A

Under pressure and with no real choice

25
Saw the charter as a temporary measure
To build up loyal forces to fight the barons
26
When the barons tried to implement the terms of the Magna Carta
John refused to accept their right to impose constraints on his power. The pope told John the charter was invalid
27
The barons made an alliance with Scotland
They invited Prince Louis of France to take the English throne
28
May 1316
French arrive and a civil war in England breaks out between the king and the barons
29
October 1216
King John died - supposedly from eating too many peaches and drinking too much cider
30
Who was John succeeded by?
Henry III his nine year old son who was the rightful king
31
Until Henry III came of age
England was run by a council of barons
32
What was Henry III’s relationship to King John?
King John was his father
33
When did Henry III become king?
1216
34
Why did Henry III only begin to rule in 1227?
He cane of age to rule alone in 1227
35
Causes of tension between Henry III and the barons from 1227-1258
Henry was strong willed and ruled in an arbitrary way He was extravagant He was ‘perpetually short of money’ Lost two major wars with France (1230 and 1242) Barons felt isolated and abandoned Henry forced to sack some officials in 1233 Accusation of personal and arbitrary rule and failing to stand by the provisions of the Magna Carta
36
How were the four main grievances related to the Magna Carta?
Financial - Henry was always short of money and after more Judicial - royal favourites appeared to receive preferential treatment The role of foreigners (‘aliens’) in governing the country appeared to exclude those outside a small royal circle from power and influence The way sheriffs in the counties were favouring Henry faster than applying the law fairly
37
Who was Simon de Montfort married to?
Henry III’s sister, Eleanor
38
1233
Minor rebellion of barons
39
June 1258
Provisions of Oxford - Henry makes it clear he will discard these
40
May 1264
Battle of Lewes - Henry captured and help hostage for 2 years by Simon de Montfort
41
May 1264 - august 1265
Simon de Montfort rules with parliament of the people
42
Provisions of Oxford
Created by Simon de Montfort in 1258 | Forced Henry III to accept a new form of government
43
When was Simon de Montfort killed?
August 1265
44
May 1381
Villagers in Essex refused to pay taxes and attacked tax collectors They quickly won support from other villages in Kent and Essex
45
7 June 1381
Rebels free a priest called John Balk from prison
46
Why was John ball imprisoned?
For saying that all men should be equal and free
47
12 June 1381
Rebels arrive in Blackheath near London | Lead by Wat Tyler
48
13 June 1381
``` King Richard (only 14) went by river to meet the rebels So much chaos that he couldn’t land and there was no meeting ```
49
After failed meeting on 13 June 1381
Rebels entered London and burned down the Duke of Lancaster’s house
50
14 June 1381
The king talked to the rebels and agreed that all villeins should be freedmen and all rebels pardoned Meanwhile some rebels attacked the Tower of London and murdered the Archbishop of Canterbury and other advisors of the king
51
15 June 1381
The king met the rebels’ leader (Wat Tyler) at Smithfield Tyler killed by kingsman King ordered the rebels to go home, promising they would all become freedmen
52
What did John Ball believe and preach about?
Equality and abolishing serfdom
53
1278
All tenants claimed exemption from labour services imposed by the Priory of Harmondsworth
54
1315-1317
Harvests fell by 50%
55
1319-20
Nearly half the sheep in the country died
56
Impact of the Black Death - 1348-49
Killed 50% of population Some villages wiped out entirely Rich forced to lower rents or raise wages

History (1 decks)

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