power training 1

Question 1

athletic performance is donimated by a combination of what abilities

Answer 1

biomotor

Question 2

what are the 3 factors with in biomotor abilities

Answer 2

strength and force
speed
endurance

Question 3

what is the definition of strengh

Answer 3

maximam force developed by the contracting muscle

ability of a muscle to produce stress or force

Question 4

what is the definition of power

Answer 4

the rate of muscular force production over the range of motion in a specific time period

Question 5

for neural control when muscle force is greater when

Answer 5

a) more motor units are involved in a contraction
b) the motor units are greater in size
c) the rate of firing is faster

Question 6

strength and power when looking at muscle cross sectional area

Answer 6

the force a muscle can exert is related to its cross-sectional area rather than to its volume

Question 7

strength and power when looking at arrangement of muscle fibres

Answer 7

variation exists in the arrangement and alignment of sarcomeres in relation to the long axis of the muscle

Question 8

what is a dynamic contraction

Answer 8

produced movement of a skeletal body part such as an upper or lower limb or the trunk

Question 9

what are the two types of dynmic contractions

Answer 9

concentric and eccentric

Question 10

what is static contraction

Answer 10

muscle activation without observable change in muscle fibre length

Question 11

what type of contraction is the static

Answer 11

isometric

Question 12

what happens at a resting length for the muscle length

Answer 12

1) actin and myosin filament lie next to each other
2) maximal number of potential cross-bridges sites available
3) muscle can generate the greatest force

Question 13

what happens when stretched for the muscle length

Answer 13

1) a smaler proportion of the actin and myosin filaments lie mext to each other
2) fewer potential cross-bridge sites available
3) muscles cannot generate as much force

Question 14

what happens when contracted for the muscle length

Answer 14

1) the actin filaments overlap
2) the number of cross-bridge sites is reduced
3) decreased force generation capability

Question 15

the length-tension (force) curve what is it

Answer 15

optimal length at which muscle fibres generates their maximal force
total amount of force developed depends on the total number of myosin crossbridges interacting with active sites on the actin

Question 16

what is the difference between the less the optimal and more length less force curve

Answer 16

less - less crossbridge interaction
optimal - max crossbridge interaction, max force
more length - less crossbridge interaction = less force

Question 17

the power output equasion

Answer 17

power output= force X velocity

Question 18

what is dynamic strength

Answer 18

the ability of muscle to exert force at a specific velocity

Question 19

what are the 4 main requirements for number of athlete of athletic skills in power

Answer 19

1) maximal force that develops
2) how fat force can be developed
3) activation of ssc
4) neural co-ordination of movement

Question 20

anaerobic training can be what ttype of training

Answer 20

weight training 
plyometric drills 
speed training
agility training
interval training

Question 21

what adaptations occur after restistance training

Answer 21

increase in muscular strenght/endurance 
aerobic stays the same 
increase in rate of force production 
increase in vertical jump 
increase in anaerobic power 
increase in sprint speed

Question 22

what are acute responses to exercise

Answer 22

acute hypertrophy

Question 23

what are chronic adaptations to exercise

Answer 23

repeated stress
over compensation
chronic muscle hypertrophy

Question 24

what are the 6 factors that influence muscle mass

Answer 24

1. genetics
2. physical activity
3. nutritional status
4. endocrine infulences
5. enviromental factors
6. nervous system activation

Question 25

what are the neural adaptations to exercise

Answer 25

central adaptations motor units neuromuscular junction and reflex potentiation anaerobic training and electromyography studies

Question 26

what are the central adaptations to the neural adaptations

Answer 26

motor cortex activity increases when the level of force developed increases and when new exercises or movements are being learned

Question 27

where does neural changes for anaerobic training occur

Answer 27

along the descending corticospinal

Question 28

where may the motor nurons intervate between

Answer 28

100

Question 29

what is the size principle

Answer 29

the recruitment and derecruitment of motor units is governed by the size principle

Question 30

what is selective recruitment

Answer 30

selective recruitment allows inhibition of lower threshold motor units to activate higher threshold units

Question 31

what are 3 possible changes with trining concerning neuromuscular junction (nmj)

Answer 31

1) increased area of nmj 2) more dispersed, irregularly shaped synapses and a greated total length of nerve terminal branching 3) increased end plate perimeter and area as well as great dispersion of acetylcholine receptors within the end plate

Question 32

what are the neuromuscular reflex potentiation adaptations

Answer 32

anaerobic training may enhanced the reflex responce, thereby enhancing the magnitude and rate of force development

Question 33

what are 4 muscular adaptation

Answer 33

1. muscular growth 2. fiber size changes 3. fibre types transitions 4. structural and architectural change

Question 34

muscular growth is refered to as

Answer 34

muscle hypertrophy

Question 35

what is hyperplasia

Answer 35

is an increase in the number of muscle fibres via longitudinal fibre splitting

Question 36

hypertrophy involves what

Answer 36

actin and myosin

Question 37

the myofilamients are added to

Answer 37

the external layers of the myofibril resulting in an increase in its diameter

Question 38

resistance training results in increases wht fibre types

Answer 38

types one and type 2

Question 39

what fibre type is greater in size

Answer 39

type 2

Question 40

muscle growth uses the protein balance shift what is it

Answer 40

mainly enhances protein synthesis | however some decreases in protein degradation increased number nuclei to manage new protein

Question 41

insulin like growth factors (IGF-I) skeletal muscle over load or eccentric muscle mean what?

Answer 41

local production includes mecano-growth factor MGF within hours of resistance training session: increases MGF

Question 42

MGF activates satellite cells by

Answer 42

either proliferate and becomes new nuclei | or becomes myoblasts, fuse with existing protien filiments to form new contractile protein

Question 43

what is te fibre type transition

Answer 43

IIx --> IIax --> IIa --> IIac --> IIc then IIc

Question 44

what does resistance training increase wen looking at structural and architecturl changes

Answer 44

``` myofibrillar volume cytoplasmic density sarcoplasmic reticulum t-tuble density sodium-pottassium atpase activity ```

Question 45

what can be other muscular adaptations

Answer 45

reduce mitochondrial density decrease capillary density increase buffering capacity changes in muscle substrate content