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Applied Cardiovascular > Powerpoint 3 > Flashcards

Powerpoint 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How can you best describe the hearts size and shape?

A
  • Cone shaped
  • Hollow
  • Muscular
  • Size of fist
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2
Q

Where is the heart located?

A
  • In the thoracic cavity cradled in a cage of bone
  • Middle mediastinum
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3
Q

What borders the heart laterally?

A

Lungs

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4
Q

Anteriorly, the heart is covered by the lower 2/3 of the ____ and costal cartilage of ____-____ ribs

A

Sternum; 2nd-6th

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5
Q

What borders the heart posteriorly?

A

Descending thoracic aorta and esophagus

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6
Q

What borders the heart inferiorly?

A

Diaphragm

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7
Q

The ____ is a fluid-filled sac which encloses the heart.

A

Pericardium

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8
Q

The ____ pericardium is the outer layer.

A

Fibrous

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9
Q

The ____ pericardium is the inner layer.

A

Serous

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10
Q

What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?

A

Visceral and parietal

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11
Q

In-between visceral and parietal layers is the pericardial space which contains ____-____ ml of fluid.

A

10-30 ml

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12
Q

The ____ is the outermost layer of the heart.

A

Epicardium

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13
Q

The ____ is the major pumping mechanism; composed of striated muscle fibrils with myofibrils.

A

Myocardium

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14
Q

The ____ lines the inner chamber of the heart, valves, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles.

A

Endocardium

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15
Q

The ____ ____ demarcates true atrium and venous component of right atrium.

A

Terminal groove/sulcus terminalis

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16
Q

The interatrial, atrioventricular, and the posterior interventricular grooves meet to form the ____.

A

CRUX of the heart

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17
Q

What is the flow path of blood through the heart.

A

Periphery
–SVC/IVC
–Right atrium
–Tricuspid valve
–Right ventricle
–Pulmonic valve
–Pulmonary artery
–to Pulmonary capillary bed

Pulmonary capillary bed to
–Pulmonary veins
–Left atrium
–Mitral valve
–Left ventricle
–Aortic valve
–Aorta
–to Periphery

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18
Q

The tissue separating the chambers of heart is called what?

A

Main Septae

19
Q

Which vessel returns deoxygenated blood from trunk and lower portion of body?

A

Inferior vena cava

20
Q

Which vessel returns deoxygenated blood from head and upper portion of body?

A

Superior vena cava

21
Q

The right atrium is positioned ____ and ____ to the left atrium.

A

Medial and anterior

22
Q

What separates left and right side of heart?

A

Septum

23
Q

The fossa ovalis is located in which chamber

A

Right atrium

24
Q

What is the flap of tissue at opening of inferior vena cava called?

A

Eustachian valve

25
Q

The opening of the coronary sinus is guarded by ____ ____, which is often continuous with eustachian valve.

A

Thebesian valve

26
Q

What is the most anterior chamber of the heart

A

Right ventricle

27
Q

Crista supraventricularis is a thick ridge of tissue located in the ____ that separates the inflow and outflow portions of the RV.

A

RVOT

28
Q

The ____ valve is medial to all other valves.

A

Tricuspid

29
Q

What is the largest valvular orifice in heart?

A

Tricuspid valve

30
Q

What are the three leaflets of the TV called?

A

Anterior, posterior/inferior, septal/medial

31
Q

A ____ is an area where leaflets/cusps have fused.

A

Commissure

32
Q

A ____ describes the degree to which a valve closes.

A

Coaptation

33
Q

What are the strong, fibrous tissues connecting papillary muscles and leaflets, supports leaflets, and prevents prolapse during systole?

A

Chordae tendineae

34
Q

Which valve is superior to all other valves?

A

Pulmonic valve

35
Q

What are the three cusps of the PV?

A

Anterior, left, right

36
Q

The ____ carries deoxygenated blood from right heart to pulmonary capillary bed.

A

Pulmonary artery

37
Q

What structure attaches to the aortic arch at the ligamentum arteriosus?

A

Left pulmonary artery

38
Q

The ____ ____ return oxygenated blood from pulmonary capillary bed

A

Pulmonary veins

39
Q

What is the most posterior structure of the heart?

A

Left atrium

40
Q

The walls of the left ventricle are ____ times thicker than the walls of the right ventricle due to the pressure difference.

A

3

41
Q

In the mitral valve, the ____ leaflet covers 1/3 of MV annulus and is longer, and the ____ leaflet covers 2/3 of annulus and is shorter.

A

Anterior; posterior

42
Q

Which valve is lateral to all other valves?

A

Mitral valve

43
Q

What are the three cusps of the aortic valve?

A

Right coronary, left coronary, and non-coronary

44
Q

Which structure includes the sinus of valsalva?

A

Aortic root

Applied Cardiovascular (12 decks)

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