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Sectional Anatomy Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis > Powerpoint > Flashcards

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1
Q

Brachiocephalic artery

A

First major branch of aortic arch , divides into the right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery

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2
Q

Left common carotid artery

A

Second branch of aortic arch ascends into the neck along the left side of trachea

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3
Q

Left subclavian artery

A

Third branch of the aortic arch, the left subclavian artery supplies left extremity . The left vertebral artery arises from left subclavian artery

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4
Q

Subclavian vein

A

Formed by axillary veins, drains the upper extremities

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5
Q

Brachiocephalic vein

A

Formed by the union of the jugular and subclavian veins

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6
Q

Azygos vein

A

Drains posterior thoracic wall and drains into the superior vena cava

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7
Q

Superior veins cava

A

Formed by union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins. Empties into the right atrium of the heart

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8
Q

Mediastinum

A

Midline region between the two lungs. Structures include the heart, great vessels, trachea, and esophagus

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9
Q

Hilum

A

Area of passage ways that blood vessels and airways enter and leave the lungs

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10
Q

Blood circulation through the heart

A

Venous or deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium of the heart by the superior and inferior vena cava.

From right atrium blood is forced down to the right ventricle through the tricuspid or atrioventricular valve

Blood exits the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve to pulmonary arteries then to the lungs

Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins to left atrium

From the left atrium, blood is forced into the left ventricle through the mitral valve

From left ventricle, arterial blood exits through the aorta and to the systemic circulation

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11
Q

High resolution of lungs your will see?

A

Separation of lobes

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12
Q

Lungs

A

Organs of respiration. Left and right

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13
Q

Right lung

A

Comprised of three lobes, superior , inferior ,middle

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14
Q

Left lung

A

Compromised two lobes, superior and inferior

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15
Q

Fissures

A

Small thin structures that separates lobes of lung

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16
Q

Mainstream bronchi

A

Arises at level of the carina where trachea divides

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17
Q

Secondary bronchi

A

Form where mainstem bronchi further divide into each lobe of the lung

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18
Q

Tertiary bronchi

A

Extensions of secondary bronchi that extend into lobes of the lung

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19
Q

Emphysema

A

Type of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Limit gas exchange in the lungs . Traps free air in lungs known as blebs. Looks like bronchile tree is dilated

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20
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Accumulation of fluid between the layers of membrane that lines the lungs and chest cavity

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21
Q

Atelectasis

A

Incomplete expansion of lobules( clusters of aveoli) or lung segments may result in partial or complete lung collapse

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22
Q

_______ lesion of lung may be represent early metastatic process or primary lung cancer

A

Solitary

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23
Q

Which cancers metastasize to lungs usually?

A

Kidney,colon, breast, pancreas

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24
Q

See if tumor is vascular , what do you inject?

A

Inject contrast vascular

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25
Lymphoma
Neoplastic malignancy of the lymphatic system characterized by gross enlargement of lymph nodes
26
Pneumothorax
Collection of air or gas in space surrounding lungs Caused by trauma or spontaneous event
27
Pulmonary embolus
Obstruction of pulmonary artery or its branches by an embolus
28
Liver
Largest organ of abdomen located in the right upper quadrant . It is divided into four lobes. Right lobe, left lobe, quadrate lobe and caudate lobe
29
Spleen
Largest lymph organ in body , located in upper left quadrant Looks bright on ct due to vascularity
30
Stomach
Dilated portion of digestive system located in the upper left quadrant anterior to spleen
31
Peritoneum
Membrane that lines the abdominal walls . Organs that are enclosed by perontineum: liver, gallbladder , spleen, stomach, ovaries, intestines
32
Retroperitoneum
Structures located posterior to peritoneum but are lined by it anteriorly. Structures include: duodenum, kidneys,adrenal glands, pancreas, aorta, inferior vena cava, bladder, prostate, ascending colon, descending colon
33
Pancreas
Long narrow organ that lies transversely from duodenum to spleen
34
Gallbladder
Bile reservoir located by the anterior inferior portion of right lobe of liver
35
Kidneys
Excretory organs that produce urine. The outer portion is known as renal cortex that filters. Inner segments are called calyces that collect urine and combine to form renal pelvis
36
Gerota fascia
Protective layer of perirenal fat that anchors the kidneys to surrounding structures
37
Adrenal glands
Pyramid shaped structures that sit on upper border of each kidney . Adrenal glands produce steroids and epinephrine
38
Abdominal aorta
Begins at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm and bifurcates into the right and left iliac arteries at l4
39
Celiac trunk
First mayor branch of abdominal aorta. Celiac trunk further divides into left gastric artery, common hepatic artery and splenic artery. Paired right and left
40
Superior mesenteric artery
Second vessel to branch off the aorta. Sma sits only a few centimeters below celiac trunk. The sma branches off anteriorly and inferiorly to many small branches off anteriorly and inferiorly to many small branches that supply the small intestines, ascending and transverse colon
41
Renal arteries
Third vessels to branch off the aorta. Each exiting laterally on the aorta to supply their corresponding kidney. Paired
42
Inferior mesenteric artery
Leaves the anterior wall the aorta at l3. The ima branches off the left and supplies the distal transverse , descending, and sigmoid colon, and rectum. Unpaired
43
Aorta ends at level?
L4
44
Inferior vena cava
Largest vein in the body The ivc begins at the union of common iliac veins at level l5 and courses upward to right atrium of the heart
45
As ivc travels upward , the ivc receives tributaries from veins throughout the abdomen . Many these veins correspond to arteries that arise from ______ . Renal , hepatic, superior and inferior mesenteric veins
Aorta
46
On Ct slice, small intestine looks _____ large intestine looks _____
Bright Poop/ air
47
Small intestine
Loops of bowel 18-21 feet in length that are subdivided into duodenum, jejunum, and cecum
48
Large intestine
Large bowel divided into cecum, colon, rectum. Large intestines start at ileocecal junction and terminate at anus
49
Colon
Subdivided into ascending , transverse, descending , sigmoid portions
50
Hepatic hemangioma
Benign lesion of liver . Composed of vascular channels generally asymptomatic. Appear has hypodense lesion on noncontrast studies , gradually filling in with contrast post injection
51
Liver hepatoma
Most common form of primary liver cancer
52
Liver metastasis
Metastic spread of cancer to liver. Liver is second most common site for cancer to spread
53
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder generally caused by and obstruction of the cystic duct. Looks dirty
54
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Malignant tumor of pancreas. Generally found in pancreatic head. Patients present with abdominal pain , vomiting , jaundice
55
Pancreatitis
An acute or chronic inflammation of pancreas. Usually caused by alcoholism, stones, or pancreatic cancer
56
Renal cell carcinoma
Malignant tumor of the kidney . Patients present with flank pain, hematuria and hypertension
57
Hydronephrosis
Dilation of calcyces and collecting system of kidney. Usually caused by calculus or mass either within the kidney or adjacent to the ureter and impinging the flow of urine
58
Aortic aneurysm
Permanent dilation of the aorta. Generally caused by a weakening of the arterial wall. Can be surgically repaired
59
Diverticulitis
Complication of diverticulosis in which a diverticula is infected and creates inflammatory process
60
Crohns disease
Chronic inflammatory disease of intestines. It primarily causes ulcerations in small and large intestine
61
Small bowel obstruction
Most common abdominal pains. Can be caused by tumor, infections, prior surgery, hernia or hematoma
62
Abdominal hernia
Protrusion of digestive organs through the adominal wall
63
Free air
Release of air or gas into abdominal cavity. Caused by rupture in small bowel or colon. Can also occur post surgically
64
Ovarian cyst
Fluid filled sac in the ovary. Usually formed as result of ovulation
65
Appendicitis
Inflammation of appendix due to obstruction
66
Pagets disease
Metabolic bone disease that involves bone destruction and regrowth which results in deformity
67
Dermoid cyst
Bizarre tumor usually benign in the ovary that typically contains a diversity of tissues including hair, teeth, bone, thyroid, etc
68
Fibroid uterus
Benign uterine tumor
69
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Sectional Anatomy Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis (1 decks)

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