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Powerpoint From Heather Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

What are the five drug rights?

A

1) Patient
2) Drug
3) Amount
4) Time
5) Route

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2
Q

Pharmacology Definition:

A

The study of drug actions and drug interactions within living organisms.

A drug is any substance, other than food, used to prevent, diagnose, treat or cure a disease

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3
Q

What are the categories of Therapeutic Substances?

A
  • Drugs/Medications
  • Biologics
  • Alternative Therapies
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4
Q

Drug Nomenclature classified by:
(choosing of names for something)

A

Name
Action
Legal Classification

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5
Q

What are the three name classifications for drugs?

A
  • Chemical Name
  • Generic Name
  • Trade Name
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6
Q

Do drugs have the capacity to change cellular structure?

A

NO

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7
Q

Review Table 21.2 on pg. 292

A
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8
Q

What does drug families mean?

A

Drugs that have similar chemical actions

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9
Q

What are the legal classification of drugs?

A

2 Categories
- Prescription and Non Prescription

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10
Q

List of drugs that must bear the legend

A
  • Drugs administered parenterally(other other than the digestive tract)
  • Drugs that are hypnotic/narcotic
  • Drugs that contain derivative or habit-forming substances
  • Drugs that may be toxic if not administered under supervision
  • Drugs that are new and limited to investigation use
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11
Q

Dosage Forms:

A
  • Tablet
  • Capsule
  • Inhalant
  • Suppository
  • Solution
  • Suspension
  • Transdermal Patch
  • Creams/Ointments
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12
Q

Drugs Profile:

A
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13
Q

Indications vs Contraindications

A

Indications- The basis for initiation of treatment or use of a particular drug

Contraindication- Any symptom or circumstance that renders use of a drug in advisable

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14
Q

What does Pharmacokinetics mean?

A

The processes that control absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs by the body

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15
Q

What are factors that may affect pharmacokinetics of drugs?

A
  • Age
  • Nutritional Status
  • Ethnicity
  • Existing physical condition
  • Immune status
  • State of mind
  • Gender
  • Weight
  • Environmental Factors
  • Time of day
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16
Q

What does drug absorption mean?
What form must drugs be in to be absorbed?

A
  • Movement from its site of administration into the bloodstream
  • All drugs must be in LIQUID form to be absorbed
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17
Q

Bioavailability:

A

the amount of drug that reaches systemic circulation

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18
Q

Pharmaceutic Phase:

Study These Flashcards
A

Drugs administer in solid or tablet form must be brown down into tiny particles to be dissolved into the body fluids of the GI tract

19
Q

What are some factors that may affect drug absorption rate?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • How the drug is administered
  • Physicochemical Properties
  • Formulation
  • Surface Area
  • Blood Flow
20
Q

What are the four types of Drug Administration?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Eternal
  • Parenteral
  • Pulmonary
  • Topical
21
Q

First Pass Effect

Study These Flashcards
A

Stomach-Small Intestine-Mesenteric Vascular System-Portal Vein-Liver

22
Q

Oral medications usually require a ___ dose of a drug to be administered.

23
Q

What are factors that may affect distribution of a drug?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Adequate blood circulation
  • Protein Binding
  • Drugs affinity for lipoid or aqueous tissues
24
Q

Typed of barriers:

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), Allows distribution of only lipid soluble drugs
  • Placental Barrier, Nonselective
25
Most drugs are metabolized by the ___ in the hepatic microtonal enzyme system.
Liver
26
What does drug metabolism mean?
Process by which the body breaks down drugs into less active or inactive forms
27
Which organ is the primary site for drug metabolism?
The liver!
28
What are some factors that may affect metabolism?
- Age - Health Status - Time of Day - Emotional Status - The presence of other drugs within the body - Generic Variations - Disease States
29
What does drug excretion mean?
Drug movement out of the body
30
What are the sites of excretion?
- Kidneys (Major organ responsible) - Biliary Tract - Lungs (Gases and volatile liquids used for anesthesia) - Sweat, Saliva, and breast milk are of minimal importance
31
What does Half-Life mean?
The time is takes for a 50% decrease in a drugs presence in the body
32
What does clearance rate mean?
The amount of time it takes for a drug to leave the body
33
What does Pharmacodynamics mean?
The study of the method of mechanism of drug action on living tissues or the response of tissues to chemical agents at various sites of the body.
34
Drugs alter physiologic effects by:
- Altering Blood Pressure - Altering Heart Rate - Altering Urinary Output - Altering functions of the central or peripheral nervous system - Altering changes in all other body systems
35
Many drugs combined with another can become ____ or form a toxic compound.
Inactivated
36
Can you mix two drugs together?
Sometimes. Always consult a drug compatibility chart before mixing two drugs together!
37
What are some drug reactions?
- Side Affects - Toxic Effects - Allergic Reactions - Idiosyncratic Reactions
38
What is a side effect?
A result from the drug acting on tissues other than those intended, which causes a response unrelated to the intended action.
39
Adverse reaction:
an effect produced by a drug that is severe or life threatening
40
Toxic Effect:
An unwanted effect that is an extension of the therapeutic effect (Aka: overdose)
41
Idiosyncratic Reactions:
An unexpected or exacerbated effect from a drug. Example: A drug given to produce sleep, instead produces a hyperactive reaction
42
What is an allergic reaction, and what are the two forms?
- Occurs when the body immunologic system is hypersensitive to the presence of the drug 2 Forms - Immediate (Mild to Severe) - Delayed ( Usually Mild, May take hours or days to appear)
43
What are the four levels of sedation?
1) Minimal (Anxiolysis) 2) Moderate/ Analgesia (Conscious Sedation) 3) Deep Sleep/Analgesia 4) General Anesthesia
44
Should you document medication errors?
Yes, you could be held liable if not documented .

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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