powerpoints

Question 1

What are some examples of policy and economic changes that occurred after WW2?

Answer 1

1. Fordism
2. Baby boom
3. Loans and tax incentives
4. Levittown/Don Mills
5. Highway infrastructure
6. Urban renewal

Question 2

RACIAL TENSIONS leads to?

Answer 2

1. displacement of population towards edges of town
2. suburbanization
3. increase segregation

Question 3

SUBURBANIZATION leads to?

Answer 3

1. dispersal of the population

2. decrease in population density

Question 4

VICTIM OF ITS OWN SUCCESS leads to?

Answer 4

1. influx of workers with high expectations
2. rising costs of labor
3. increase in unemployment

Question 5

VICTIM OF ITS OWN SUCCESS leads to?

Answer 5

1. influx of workers with high expectations
2. rising costs of labor
3. increase in unemployment

Question 6

URBAN DESIGNED FOR THE AUTOMOBILE leads to?

Answer 6

1. little physical overlap between neighbourhoods
2. little communication between peoples
3. hostile environment for pedestrian traffic and meetings
4. increased fear of the city

Question 7

COMPETITION BETWEEN CITIES leads to?

Answer 7

1. migratory behaviour of capital
2. conflict between cities (shrinking and expanding ones)
3. influences in corporations’ location decisions

Question 8

INCREASING MOBILITY OF LABOUR leads to?

Answer 8

1. migratory behaviour of labour, nationally and internationally
2. loss of emotional attachment to place

Question 9

DETERIORATING INFRASTRUCTURE leads to?

Answer 9

disinvestment

Question 10

what is the entrepreneurial city?

Answer 10

a shift in the role of local government from providing services such as garbage collection,…to becoming promoters, pitching the opportunities and attractions of the community to everyone from tourists to sports team owners.

Question 11

what does Adding economic value mean?

Answer 11

labour value through economic activity or a public service

Question 12

what does Adding social value mean?

Answer 12

through adding social capital, social cohesion, social meaning and cultural.

Question 13

What does Adding political value mean?

Answer 13

by stimulating and supporting democratic dialogue, active public participation and citizen engagement

Question 14

what does Adding ecological value mean?

Answer 14

by actively promoting sustainable practices

Question 15

how does Consumption spaces affect how people interact with and relate to one another?

Answer 15

by defining and demarcating social identities and groupings based on the combination of symbols, consumption practices and cultural experiences assembled in a particular space. And by excluding others

Question 16

what is Territoriality?

Answer 16

how people identify, possess, feel safe in and/or defend space.

Question 17

how to define Ownership?

Answer 17

communicating control verbally and non-verbally

Question 18

what is the Proxemics study?

Answer 18

the study of people’s preferences for intimate, personal, social and public space.

Question 19

what is Index of dissimilarity?

Answer 19

measures the evenness with which two groups are distributed across geographic space.

Question 20

what is the tipping point?

Answer 20

where the proportion of households from the invading group is large enough to precipitate a much faster exodus.

Question 21

Homeownership is sought for?

Answer 21

1. Privacy
2. Indicator of social status
3. Investment

Question 22

Rise in households formation, related to?

Answer 22

(i) Persons living alone
(ii) Childless couples
(iii) Single-parent families, blended families

Question 23

The ‘household income gap’ is widening, related to?

Answer 23

(i) increasing number of households dependent on one breadwinner
(ii) Higher-income households comprise two wage earners who earn equally higher-salaries

Question 24

residential location choice, gentrification and sprawl, related to?

Answer 24

(i) Married couples with children in the suburban ring
(ii) Solo parents and non-family households in the central city
(iii) Gentrification fuelled by ‘rent gap’ (difference between the existing yields generated by buildings and the potential yield)
(iv) speculation and pure profit

Question 25

The structuralist approach sees gentrification as?

Answer 25

the natural result of capitalist capitalizing on inner- | city areas that are deteriorating so as to reap better rewards from speculation.

Question 26

Production-side process is explained by?

Answer 26

A lack of cheap suburban land and the friction of distance to the city center encouraged a return to inner city areas.

Question 27

whats is the Export base theory?

Answer 27

cities grow or stagnate according to the ability of their businesses to earn export income.

Question 28

the process of urban economic growth is?

Answer 28

circular and cumulative

Question 29

What are some Effects of urban shrinkage?

Answer 29

- declining population densities - decline in housing prices - decline in the supply of and demand for social infrastructure, transport and utility infrastructures - decline in local commercial services - increase in vacant buildings and derelict land - changing demographic characteristics (rise in the proportion of elderly people) - greater pressures on local municipal budgets

Question 30

what are the main points of the Project Green in Rochester NY?

Answer 30

* Establish a multi-purpose land-bank program * Develop and manage a citywide green- infrastructure initiative * Reduce the dwelling unit vacancy rate from over 12% to 5-7% * Develop strategies and hierarchies for the development of green streets * Develop green streets as economic catalysts

Question 31

'new' cultural geography is concerned with?

Answer 31

understanding the social construction of many accepted and taken-for-granted categories used in everyday social discourses

Question 32

what are main points of Universal citizenship?

Answer 32

●Equal moral worth of all persons ●Citizenship for everyone and everyone the same ●Citizenship transcends differences ●Rules and laws are blind to group differences

Question 33

What is Assimilation?

Answer 33

the aim of the liberal social model which categorizes groups as having majority or minority status - means only assimilation to a majority, which is not a form of social justice but a denial of identity on the terms of the majority.

Question 34

Concept of differentiated citizenship?

Answer 34

1. inclusion of everyone (including minority groups) requires mechanisms for group representation 2. to ensure inclusion of everyone special rights should be accorded to special groups in order to undermine disadvantages and oppression. 3. argues against interest group pluralism because it is privatized and fragmented and favours the domination by corporate interests.

Question 35

The social-sciences need to become post-structuralist by?

Answer 35

- Recognizes that we can be imperfect and contradictory and understand the world from multiple and heterogeneous perspectives. - The key is in being able to change perspectives and manifest oneself through different identities. - Individual is not a singular defined individual but rather one who 'becomes' or embodies constantly changing contexts and different identities.