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CLAS 2200 > pp. 274-278 > Flashcards

pp. 274-278 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the roots for ‘nerve’?

A

NERV‐ and NEUR‐

The loan word Neuron is used in medicine for a ‘nerve cell.’

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2
Q

What is the root used for dendrite?

A

DENDR‐

Dendrites are the tree‐like/branched structures of a neuron.

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3
Q

What meanings can the root DENDR‐ carry?

A
  • tree
  • branched structure
  • dendrite
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4
Q

What is the other projection off of the neuron called?

A

Axon

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5
Q

What root is used for axon?

A

AX‐

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6
Q

What meanings can the root AX‐ carry?

A
  • axle
  • axis
  • axon
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7
Q

What is the body of the neuron called?

A

Soma

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8
Q

What is the root for cranium?

A

CRANI‐

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9
Q

What does the root CEPHAL‐ mean?

A

Head

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10
Q

What are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord called?

A

Dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid mater

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11
Q

What is the definition of the root NEUR/O?

A

Nerve, sinew

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12
Q

What is the definition of the root CRANI/O?

A

Cranium (portion of the skull that encloses the brain)

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13
Q

What does the root CEREBR/O refer to?

A

Cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

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14
Q

What does the root CEREBELL/O mean?

A

Cerebellum

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15
Q

What does the root PONT/O refer to?

A

Pons (of the brain), bridge‐like structure

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16
Q

What does the root HIPPOCAMP/O refer to?

A

Hippocampus, seahorse

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17
Q

What does the root THALAM/O mean?

A

Thalamus (mass of gray matter located in the diencephalon)

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18
Q

What does the root AMYGDAL/O refer to?

A

Amygdala (almond‐shaped nuclei in the temporal lobe)

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19
Q

What does the root MENING/O mean?

A

Meninx (one of the three membranes enveloping the brain and spinal cord)

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20
Q

What does the root LEPT/O refer to?

A

Thin

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21
Q

What does the root PACHY‐ mean?

A

Thick

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22
Q

What does the root ARACHN/O mean?

A

Arachnoid membrane, spider, spider‐like

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23
Q

What does the root DURA/O refer to?

A

Dura mater membrane, hard

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24
Q

What does the root LOB/O mean?

A

Lobe

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25
What does the root GYR/O refer to?
Gyrus (a convolution of the cerebrum)
26
What does the root SULC/O mean?
Sulcus (groove of brain)
27
What does the root FISSUR/O refer to?
Fissure, deep groove
28
What does the root VENTRICUL/O mean?
Ventricle, small cavity
29
What does the root COEL/O refer to?
Cavity, hollow
30
What does the root CORTIC/O mean?
Cortex (cerebrum), outer layer, bark
31
What does the root MYEL/O refer to?
Spinal cord, marrow
32
What does the root MEDULL/O mean?
Medulla, marrow
33
What does the root POLI/O refer to?
Gray, gray matter of CNS
34
What does the root FASCICUL/O mean?
Fascicle, bundle of longitudinal fibers
35
What does the root FUNICUL/O refer to?
Funicle, rope‐like
36
What does the root FUN/O mean?
Rope, cord
37
What does the root RADICUL/O refer to?
Nerve root, root
38
What does the root RHIZ/O mean?
Nerve root, root
39
What does the root RAM/O refer to?
Nerve branch, branch
40
What does the root PLEX/O mean?
Plexus (interwoven network of nerves, blood, lymphatic vessels)
41
What does the root GANGLI/O refer to?
Ganglion (groups of nerve cells)
42
What does the root GLI/O mean?
Glia (supporting tissue of the nervous system), glue
43
What does the root SOMAT/O refer to?
Body (body of neuron)
44
What does the root DENDR/O mean?
Dendrite (part of neuron), tree, branched structure
45
What does the root AX/O refer to?
Axon (long process of a neuron), axle, axis
46
What does the root NOT/O mean?
The back
47
What does the root SPIN/O refer to?
Spine, thorn, vertebral column
48
What does the root VERTEBR/O mean?
Vertebra, back bone
49
What does the root SPONDYL/O refer to?
Vertebra
50
neuron is called the _______.
NERV‐, NEUR‐DENDR‐dendrite, tree, branched structure, axon, axle, axis.
51
The root for the cranium is ______________.
CRANI‐
52
The root CEPHAL‐ means ________.
head
53
The singular of meninges is __________.
meninx
54
The root used for the meninges is __________.
MENING‐
55
The thick outer membrane, known as the dura mater, is also called the _______ meninx.
pachydura
56
The root DUR‐ means _________ and _______.
hard, tough
57
The two thinner membranes are referred to as the _________ meninx.
leptomeninx
58
The root ARACHN‐ means ________.
spider
59
The root for the 'brain' is ____________.
ENCEPHAL‐
60
The loan word _________ is used for the 'brain.'
encephalon
61
The ____________ is the largest part of the brain.
Cerebrum
62
The outer layer of an organ is called the _________ to distinguish it from the inner part, which is called the _________.
cortex, medulla
63
The root for the cerebral cortex is ____________, which means _______, _______, or ________.
CORTIC‐, cortex, outer layer, bark
64
The portion of the brain located below the occipital lobe of the cerebrum is called the ___________.
cerebellum
65
The root _________ is used for this part of the brain.
CEREBELL‐
66
The brainstem connects the brain with the spinal cord. It includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla. The most superior part of the brainstem is called the midbrain, or _____________.
mesencephalon
67
The root PONT‐ is used for the rostral part of the brainstem known as the pons. PONT‐ is used for any ________ structure of the body.
bridge‐like
68
The root used for this part, MEDULL‐, is also used for bone _________.
marrow
69
The root ________ is used for the color gray.
POLI‐
70
The loan word ______ is used for the white matter of the brain.
alba
71
The root ________ is used for the central organelle of a cell.
NUCLE‐
72
In the central nervous system, a ____________ is a group of neuronal cell bodies that are clustered together.
nucleus
73
In addition to referring to the thalamus, the root THALAM‐ can be used for _______ or ______‐like structures.
chamber, inner room
74
The root LOB‐ means ________.
lobe
75
The root for GYR‐ can mean ________, ________, and _______.
gyrus, circle, ring
76
The root of a 'deep groove' or 'fissure' is ___________.
FISSUR‐
77
The root for sulcus is ________.
SULC‐
78
The root _____________ is used for the cerebral ventricles and other small cavities of the body.
VENTRICUL‐
79
The root _________ and the loan word ________ are used for a 'border‐like' structure.
LIMB‐, limbus
80
The root for the hippocampus is ___________.
HIPPOCAMP‐
81
Hippocampus is also used for the zoological genus of _________.
seahorse
82
The root for the almond‐shaped nuclei of the limbic system is _____________.
AMYGDAL‐
83
Root for spinal cord and bone marrow is ________.
MYEL‐
84
The combining form GLI/O also means ________.
glue
85
The combining form NOT/O means the _________.
notochord
86
The root CHORD‐ means a ______ or _______.
cord, tendon
87
The roots for a vertebra are ___________ and ___________.
VERTEBR‐, SPONDYL‐
88
The combining forms for nerve root are _______, _______, and _________.
RHIZ/O, RADICUL/O, RADIC/
89
The primary branch of a spinal nerve is called the _________________.
ramus
90
The network of nerves (or blood, lymphatic vessels) is called a ______________.
plexus
91
A ________ is a bundle of nerve cells that looks like a tumor or cyst.
ganglion
92
With respect to the spinal cord, a ___________ is one of the three main divisions of the white matter.
funiculus
93
The root FUNICUL‐ is used for this structure, as well as any ______‐like structure.
rope
94
Within each funiculus are tracts of nerve fibers called ___________.
fasciculi

CLAS 2200 (3 decks)

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