PPE 13 Flashcards
(23 cards)
is a term used to describe all different processes in which
hydrocarbon reacts with hydrogen. It includes hydrotreating, hydrocracking and
hydrogenation.
Hydroconversion
HYDROCONVERSION
is used to describe the process of the removal of sulfur, nitrogen
and metal impurities in the feedstock by hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.
Hydrotreating
HYDROCONVERSION
is the process of catalytic cracking of feedstock to products with
lower boiling points by reacting them with hydrogen.
Hydrocracking
HYDROCONVERSION
is used when aromatics are saturated by hydrogen to the
corresponding naphthenes. (double bond to single bond)
Hydrogenation
units are needed in
the refinery to clean streams from
material such as sulfur, nitrogen or
metals harmful to the catalysts.
Hydrotreating
is also used to
transform unsaturated compounds
to the corresponding saturated
hydrocarbons.
Hydrotreating
is a catalytic hydrogenation process in which high
molecular weight feedstocks are converted and hydrogenated to lower
molecular weight products.
Hydrocracking
The catalyst used in hydrocracking is a
bifunctional
HYDROCRACKING
is the addition of hydrogen to an alkene (unsaturated)
which results in an alkane (saturated).
Hydrogenation
HYDROCRACKING
will break bonds, and the resulting unsaturated products are
consequently hydrogenated into stable compounds.
Cracking
process combines propenes and butenes to produce higher
olefins with high-octane numbers for the gasoline
polymerization
process combines light iso-paraffins, most commonly isobutane,
with C3–C4 olefins, to produce a mixture of higher molecular weight iso-paraffins as
a high-octane number blending component for the gasoline pool.
alkylation
is catalyzed by a strong acid, either sulfuric (H2SO4) or hydrofluoric(HF).
Alkylation
ALKYLATION PROCESS
alkylation between isobutane and olefin must be run
under severe conditions such as 500 C and 2940–7080 psia.
absence of catalysts,
BLENDING
minimum temperature at which equal volumes of the
_____and the oil are completely miscible.
aniline point
ALKYLATION PROCESS
,the reaction temperature will be lower than 50
C, and the pressure will be lower than 441 psia.
presence of an acid catalyst
POLYMERIZATION PROCESS
The feed stream is then passed through a reactor with a ___________
generally a solid catalyst or _________, where an exothermic
polymeric reaction occurs.
phosphorus catalyst,
liquid phosphoric acid,
is to find the best way of mixing
different intermediate products available from the refinery and some
additives in order to adjust the product specifications.
product blending
BLENDING
lowest temperature at which vapors arises from oil
ignites.
flash point
BLENDING
Gasolines are tested for
Kerosene are tested for
Gas oils are tested for
octane number,
flash point and volatility.
diesel index, flash point, pour point and viscosity.
BLENDING
lowest temperature at which oil can be stored and
still capable of flowing or pouring,
pour point
BLENDING
lowest temperature at which oil becomes cloudy
and the first particles of wax crystals are observed
cloud point
BLENDING
maximum flame height in millimeter at which the
oil burns without smoking
smoke point
