Ppl Checkride

Question 1

General characteristics of airflow, high as low pressure system.

Answer 1

Low pressure - inward, upward, counterclockwise

High pressure - outward, downward, and clockwise

Question 2

What are the standard pressure and temp for sea level?

Answer 2

15°C and 29.92” (inches of Mercury) or 59°F 1013.25 hPa (hectopascal)

Question 3

What are isobars

Answer 3

Isobars are a line on a weather chart which connects areas of equal or constant barometric pressure

Question 4

if the isobars are relatively close together on a Surface weather chart or a constant pressure chart what information will this provide

Answer 4

Closely spaced isobarsindicate large pressure changes over a small area and suggest strengtheningwinds.Widely spaced isobarsportray a “flat” or weak pressure gradient typical of light-windsituations.

Question 5

What causes the winds aloft to flow parallel to the isobars

Answer 5

Coriolis force

Question 6

At what rate does atmospheric pressure decrease with an increase in altitude

Answer 6

1”Hg per 1000’

Question 7

What does “dew point” mean

Answer 7

Dew point is the temperature to which a sample of air must be cooled to obtain the state of saturation.

Question 8

List the effects of stable and unstable air on clouds, turbulence, precipitation and visibility.

Answer 8

Clouds: Stable= Stratiform, unstable=Cumuliform
Turbulence: Stable=smooth, Unstable=Rough
Precipitation: Stable=steady, Unstable=Showery
Visibility: Visibility=Fair to poor, Unstable=Good

Question 9

When significant precipitation is occurring at the surface how thick can you expect the clouds to be

Answer 9

Usually requires clouds to be at least four thousand feet thick. the heavier the precipitation the thicker the clouds are likely to be

Question 10

During your PreFlight planning what type of meteorology information should you be aware of with respect to icing

Answer 10

Location of fronts
Cloud layers
Freezing levels
Air temperature and pressure

Question 11

What conditions are necessary for structural icing to occur

Answer 11

Visible moisture and below freezing temperatures at the point moisture strikes the aircraft

Question 12

Name the main types of icing and aircraft May encounter in flight

Answer 12

Structural, induction system, instrument icing

Question 13

Name the three types of structural icing that may occur in flight

Answer 13

Clear ice -forms after initial impact with the remaining liquid portion of the drop flows over the aircraft surface, gradually freezing as a smooth sheet of solid ice.

Rime ice - forms when crops are small, such as those in stratified clouds or light drizzle. The liquid portion remaining after initial impact freezes rapidly before the drop has time to spread out over the aircraft system.

Mixed ice- forms when Trump’s vary in size or when liquid drops are intermingled with snow or ice particles. The ice particles become embedded in clear ice, building a very rough accumulation.

Question 14

What action is recommended if you inadvertently encounter icing conditions?

Answer 14

Leave the area of visible moisture descend to an altitude below the cloud bases, climb to an altitude above the cloud tops, or turn to a different course.

Question 15

Is Frost considered to be hazardous to flight? Why?

Answer 15

Yes because well Frost does not change the basic aerodynamic shape of the wing, the roughness of its surface spoils the smooth flow of air, thus causing a slowing of airflow. This slowing of the air causes early air flow separation, resulting in a loss of lift. Even a small amount of frost on airfoil May prevent an aircraft from becoming airborne at normal takeoff speed. It is also possible that, once airborne, an aircraft could have insufficient margin of AirSpeed above stall so that the moderate gusts of turning flight could produce incipient or complete stalling.

Question 16

What factors must be present for a thunderstorm to form?

Answer 16

Sufficient water vapor or moisture
An unstable lapse rate or unstable air
An initial upward boost or uplifting air

Question 17

What are the three stages of a thunderstorm

Answer 17

Cumulus stage of updrafts cause raindrops increase in size

Mature stage rain at Earth’s surface, it falls through or immediately besides the updrafts, lightning, perhaps roll clouds

Dissipating stage downdrafts and rain began to dissipate

Question 18

What is a temperature inversion

Answer 18

An inversion is an increase in temperature with height a reversal of the normal decrease with height. A ground-based inversion favors poor visibility by trapping fog, smoke, and other restrictions in to low levels of the atmosphere. The air is stable, with little or no turbulence.

Question 19

Two basic ways that fog me form

Answer 19

Cooling air to the dew point

Adding moisture to the air near the ground

Question 20

Name several types of fog.

Answer 20

Radiation fog 
 Advection fog 
Upslope fog 
 Frontal fog or precipitation induced fog 
 Steam fog

Question 21

What causes radiation fog to form

Answer 21

The ground cools the adjacent are to the dew point on calm, clear nights.

Question 22

What is advection fog, and where is it most likely to form?

Answer 22

Advection fog results from the transport of warm humid air over a cold surface. A pilot can expect advection fog to form primarily along coastal areas during the winter. Unlike radiation fog, it’s may occur with winds, cloudy skies, over a wide geographic area, and at any time of the day or night.

Question 23

What is upslope fog?

Answer 23

Upslope fog forms as a result of moisture, stable are being cooled adiabatically as it moves up sloping terrain. Once the upslope wind ceases, the fog dissipates. Upslope fog is often quite dense and extends to high altitudes.

Question 24

Define the term “wind shear” and state the areas in which it is likely to occur

Answer 24

It is defined as a rate of change of wind velocity direction and or speed per unit distance, conventionally expressed as vertical or horizontal wind shear it may occur at any level in the atmosphere but three areas are of special concern:
Windshear with a low-level temperature inversion
Windshear in a frontal zone or thunderstorm
Clear-air turbulence at high levels associated with a jet stream or strong circulation.

Question 25

What types of weather information will you examine to determine if windshield conditions might affect your flight

Answer 25

Terminal forecast any mention of low-level wind shear or the possibility of severe thunderstorms rain showers hail and wind gust suggest a potential for low-level wind shear and microburst METARs inspect for any indication of thunderstorms rain showers or blowing dust additional signs such as warming trends Gusty winds cumulonimbus clouds at said I should be noted S i g m e t s, and convective sigmet severe convective weather is a prime source for wind shear a microburst PIREPs reports of sudden AirSpeed changes on departure or approach-and-landing corridors provide a real-time indication of the presence of windshear

Question 26

What is a primary means of obtaining a weather briefing

Answer 26

the flight service station is a primary source for obtaining pre-flight briefings and in-flight weather information. The FAA provides the flight service program through FSS both government and contract via the internet through direct user access terminal system and the Lockheed Martin Flight services.

Question 27

What types of weather briefings are available from an AFSS / FSS briefer?

Answer 27

Standard briefing Abbreviated briefing Outlook briefing In Flight briefing

Question 28

What is a standard briefing

Answer 28

request when you are pregnant if you have not received the previously been or have been receiving information dissemination media.

Question 29

What is an abbreviated briefing

Answer 29

Requested when you need information to supplement Mass disseminated data, update a previous briefing, or when you need only one or two items.

Question 30

What is an Outlook briefing

Answer 30

Request whenever you proposed time of departure is six or more hours from the time of the briefing, for planning purposes only

Question 31

What is a in-flight briefing

Answer 31

Request when needed to update a pre-flight briefing

Question 32

What pertinent information should a weather briefing include?

Answer 32

``` Adverse conditions VFR flight not recommended Synopsis Current conditions In route forecast Destination forecast Winds aloft Notices to airmen ATC delays Pilots may also request additional information such as: Special use airspace and alert areas such as MOA, MTRs, warning areas, and ATC assigned airspace. Additional information information on air traffic services and rules, customs and immigration procedures, adiz rules, search and rescue, runway friction measurement value and other assistance as required. ```

Question 33

What is HIWAS?

Answer 33

Hazardous and weather advisory services RCN news broadcast of the weather valley center weather warning signals convective sigmet center weather advisory and urgent PIREPs.

Question 34

What is a flight information service

Answer 34

Flight information service broadcast is a ground broadcast service provider through the automatic dependent surveillance the system provides pilots and flight crews of properly equipped aircraft with flight deck display of aviation weather and aeronautical information

Question 35

Can onboard data link weather be useful in navigation in aircraft safely around an area of thunderstorms?

Answer 35

Weather data link from a ground weather surveillance radar system is not real time information, it displays recent rather than current conditions. This data is typically updated every 5 minutes but can be as much as 15 minutes old by the time it displays in the cockpit. Therefore FIS aviation weather products are not appropriate for tactical avoidance of severe weather such as negotiating a pass-through weather hazard area.

Question 36

While enroute how can A+ pain up to date weather information

Answer 36

FSS on 122.2 and appropriate rco frequencies Atis broadcast along your route of flight Hiwa's Data link weather cockpit display enter ATC enter aviation weather reports in observations

Question 37

Describe the basic elements of a metar

Answer 37

Type of report if it's a standard metar or a speci ICAO station identifier Date and time of report Modifier the modifier Auto identify the report as an automated weather report with no human intervention Wind Visibility Runway visual range as required Weather phenomena Sky condition enter temperature and dew point Altimeter Remarks

Question 38

Describe several types of weather observing programs available

Answer 38

Manual observations AWOS or automated weather observing systems ASOS/AWSSautomated surface observing system automated weather sensor system both systems provide continuous minute-by-minute observations that generate metars

Question 39

Engine failure during flight

Answer 39

``` Air speed for Best Glide noting wind direction Pick and flight towards landing site Flaps up mixture rich Fuel selector valve both Fuel shut off valve pushed in / on Auxiliary pump switch on Magneto's check all If propeller not windmilling Ignition switch start Magneto's check all Declare an emergency ```

Question 40

Precautionary landing with engine power

Answer 40

``` Landing area select and inspect Radio and electrical switches off On final approach Flaps as required 30 degrees recommended Master switch off Doors unlatched Ignition switch off Brakes apply heavily ```

Question 41

Emergency landing no engine power

Answer 41

``` Landing area select and inspect AirSpeed Best Glide Radio and electrical switches off Mixture cut off Fuel shut off valve pull out / off Ignition switch off Flaps as required 30° recommended Master switch off doors unlatched Brakes apply heavily ```

Question 42

Engine failure during takeoff roll

Answer 42

``` Throttle closed Brake apply Flaps up Mixture cut off Ignition switch off Master switch off ```

Question 43

Engine failure during takeoff

Answer 43

``` Maintain aircraft control Land on remaining runway or within 30 degrees of centerline. Avoid obstacles do not attempt a 180 degree turn AirSpeed lower lows to pitch for Best Glide Flaps as required Power as available Time permitting declaring emergency Mixture cut off Fuel shut off valve pull out / off Ignition switch off Flaps as required 30° recommended Master switch off Doors unlatched ```

Question 44

Spin recovery

Answer 44

``` Throttle immediately closed Aileron's neutralized Runner full opposite rotation Elevator control briskly forward pass center Once rotation stops Rudder neutralize Slowly recover from dive When straight and level Throttle full ```

Question 45

Cabin fire

Answer 45

``` Master switch off Vents, cabin heat and air closed Fire extinguisher activate When fire is out Cabin ventilate Land as soon as possible ```

Question 46

Wing fire

Answer 46

``` Landing taxi light switches off Nav light switch off Strobe light switch off Pitot switch off perform a side slip to keep the flames away from the fuel tank and cabin land as soon as possible using flaps only as required for final approach and touchdown ```

Question 47

Electrical fire

Answer 47

``` Master switch off All electrical switches except ignition switch off Vents, cabin heat and air closed Fire extinguisher activate When fire is out Cabin ventilate If fire appears out and electrical power is required Master switch on Circuit breakers check do not reset Master avionics switch on Radios on one at a time with delay after each one Land as soon as possible ```

Question 48

Engine fire in flight

Answer 48

Mixture idle cutoff Fuel shut off valve off pull out Auxiliary fuel pump switch off Master switch off Cabin heat and air off except overhead vents Airspeed increase as required to extinguish fire execute forced landing

Question 49

Engine fire during start

Answer 49

``` Continue cranking to get the engine started which would suck the flames and accumulated fuel into the engine If engine starts Power 1700 RPM for a few minutes Engine shutdown If engine fails to start Throttle full open Mixture idle cutoff Cranking continue Fuel shut off valve off pull full out Auxiliary fuel pump off Fire extinguisher obtained Master switch off Ignition switch off Evacuate aircraft And secure fire extinguisher ```