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PPP Final Flashcards

1
Q

Penecillin G

A

1st gen
Gram positive
best for syphilis, strep and cali

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2
Q

oxac, dicox, naf

A

2nd gen
gram postive
best for MSSA and beta lactam resitant

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3
Q

Amox, ampicillin ( Clav)

A

3rd gen
postive and negative bacteria, cali
HELP
add Clav - HNPEK

HELP - cherry, shake, santa, triton HNPEK - cherry, mac, triton, dino

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4
Q

Pipercillin

A

4th gen
Postive and negative
HNPEK, CaPES and cali

HNPEK - cherry, mac, triton, shake, dino CAPES - citro, acter, mona, di

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5
Q

Cefazolin, Cephalexin

A

1st gen cephalosporins
Kinectics - long duration
Use - Staph, strep and PEK
AD- Nephrotoxic
Special - MSSA

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6
Q

Cefuroxine, Cefoxitin, Cefotetan

A

2nd Gen
Stap and stre, HNPEK
FOX 10 - B. Frags
Cefuroxine - crosses BBB for menigitis
AD - Cefotetan - alchohol toxic

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7
Q

Ceftriaxone, Ceftotaxime, Ceftazidime

A

3rd gen
emperical menigitis and sepsis, CaPES
Ceftazidine - only one that can treat mona
Triaxone - nisseria vikings

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8
Q

cefepime

A

4th gen
Ceftazdines cousin

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9
Q

Ceftaroline

A

5th gen
treates MRSA only in the family

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10
Q

Aztreonam

A

Penecillin like
USE - negative bc smol, HNPEK and CaPES
used for pen and cep allergic rxn

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11
Q

Meropenam

A

Penecillin like
THE KING for positives and negative (no atypicals or MRSA or cali)
Treat for mengitis and sepsis

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12
Q

Vancomycin

A

MOA- Prevents crosslinking of peptides
Postive only, strep, cali cdiff
MRSA first line
AD - Vancomycin flushing, Ototoxic, Nephrotoxic

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13
Q

Daptomycin

A

Postive only
MRSA, cali, VRE
cant treat pneumonia bc of mucus
AD - muscle weakness, statins X

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14
Q

Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin

A

Type - Animoglycoside
MOA- Bind to LPS (-) and crack membrane but requires OXYGEN blocks 30s BACTERIACIDAL
Use- Gram (-) aeorbes, Psedomonas, Used in combo with gram postive to gain entry
AD - Nephro, Ototosic, Neruomuscular,
Contra - Renal, hearing, pregnacy
Special - NEEDS TO BE MONITORED

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15
Q

Linezolid, Tedizolid

A

Type - Oxazolidinones
MOA- 50s subunit type P
Use- Gram (+), gram neg pumps out, USE ON VRE, VRSA, MRSA
AD - GI, Thrombocytopenia, optic and peropheral neuropathy ( long term)
Contra -
Special - LINEZOLID HTN WITH CHEESE AND WINE, SERITONIN SYNDOME WITH MAO

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16
Q

Doxycycline

A

Type - Tetracycline
MOA-reversible 30s bind to A site
Use- Board Specturm ( +, -, atypicals, MRSA, Rickettsia), + acne, - Brucella
AD - GI, Bone and teeth deposit, phototoxic
Contra - Cations, BWW kids and pregnacy
Special -

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17
Q

Tigecycline

A

Type - Tetracycline
MOA-reversible 30s bind to A site
Use- Board Specturm ( +, -, anaerobes, atypicals, MRSA, Rickettsia), + acne, - Brucella
AD - GI, Bone and teeth deposit, phototoxic
Contra - Cations, BWW kids and pregnacy
Special - ANAEROBES, FAECALIS, VRE, MRSA

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18
Q

Azithromycin, Clarithromycin

A

Type - Macrolides
MOA- Binds 50s subunits and block translocation
Use- Broad specturm (+, -, Anaerobes, atypicals) + Strep pneimoniae, - camp jejuni, Chlamydia
AD - SEVERE GI due to increased motility, Hep, QT PROLONG
Contra -
Special - DOC FOR PNEUMONIA

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19
Q

Clindamycin

A

Type - Lincosamide
MOA-50s blocker of translocation
Use- Gram +, Anearobes, MRSA
AD - GI, HIGHEST CHANCE FOR PSUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS from C. DIFF
Contra -
Special - ANEAROBES above THE DIAPRAGM

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20
Q

What does a positve or negative test of MEC A mean

A

MEC A determines Methicillin resistant staph aureus

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21
Q

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethozale

A

Type - Bactrim
MOA- inhibit folic acid and DHFR, Berteiostatic alone, bactericidal together
Use- Broad specturm (+, - , MRSA), HPEK, good for UTI
AD - GI, hypersensitivity, Leukopenia, Hemolytic Anemia (G6P testing), Kernicterus neonates, Hyperkalemia
Contra - CYP, hyperkalemia, BBW pregnacy and infants
Special - Fungi pneumocystis

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22
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Type - Fluoroquinolones
MOA- inhibit top II, do it can glue back DNA rep Bacteriocidal
Use- +, - (BETTER) HNPEK CaPES, Psudomonas (BEST), Antharacis
AD - GI, Neurotoxic, dermatologic, musculoskeletal, QT prolong
Contra - Pregnacy, children, BBW TENDINITIS Peripheal neuropathy
Special - Respitory quinolones, 2hr before or 4 hrs after cations

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23
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Type - Fluoroquinolones
MOA- inhibit top II, do it can glue back DNA rep Bacteriocidal
Use- + (BETTER), -, Psudomona
AD - GI, Neurotoxic, dermatologic, musculoskeletal, QT prolong
Contra - Pregnacy, children, BBW TENDINITIS Peripheal neuropathy
Special - Respitory quinolones, 2hr before or 4 hrs after cations

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24
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

Type - Fluoroquinolones
MOA- inhibit top II, do it can glue back DNA rep Bacteriocidal
Use- + (BETTER), -, Anaerobes, atypicals
AD - GI, Neurotoxic, dermatologic, musculoskeletal, QT prolong
Contra - Pregnacy, children, BBW TENDINITIS Peripheal neuropathy
Special - Respitory quinolones, B. FRAG, 2hr before or 4 hrs after cations

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25
Metronidazole
MOA- Prodrug actived by anerobic conditions, breaks double stand DNA Use- +, -, anaerobes, protozoa AD - GI metalic taste, Disulfram rxn, CNS Contra - pregnacy, malignacny, seizures, alcohol Special - DOC for below diaphram Anaerobes
26
Rifampin
Type - MOA- Inhibit RNA sysnthesis Use- Tuberculosis, leprosy, menigococcal prophylaxis, cherry bacteria AD - hepa, red/oragne urine, cyp inducer Contra - Special -
27
Quinine, Quinidine
MOA- Prevnets Heme stacking of malaria Kinetics - Oral TID bc short HL Use- Reistant P. Falciparium AD - GI, QT prolong, Cinchonism (ears, eyes , CNS), G6P hematologic effects Contra - CYP inhibit, P-Glycoprotien Special -
28
Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine
MOA- blocks heme stacking Kinetics - Use- P. Falc, P. malariae, (COMBO WITH PRIMAQUINE for P. Vivax, P. Ovale bc has liver domant) AD - GI, QT Contra - psoriasis, ocular disease Special - Itchign and visuals
29
Mefloquine
MOA- blocks heme stacking Kinetics - LONG HF Use- Prophlaxis AD - GI, QT Contra - CNS problems BBW ( epli, schitz, depression, anxiety) Special -CNS and Crossed BBB (VIVID DREAMSSSSS) very very common
30
Primaquine
MOA- unknown Kinetics - Use- only hepatic stage malaria ( P. Vivax, P. ovale) AD - GI QT Contra - Pregnacy CYP inducer Special - Hematologic w/ G6P def NEED TO DO TESTING, have dark urine
31
Artesunate, Artermether, Dihydroartemisnin
Type - Artemisinin derivative MOA- Binds to iron and makes free radicals Kinetics - rapid absorption and short HL Use- uncomplicated (dihydroartemisinin), Complicated (Artesunate, Artermether) Falci Malaria AD - GI, CNS, Overall well tolerated Contra - first trimester of pregnacy, childer under 5kg Special -
32
Atovaquone + proguanil
Type - Antifolates MOA- Ato - disrupts mito ETC, Proguanil DHFR inhitor Kinetics - Use- treatment and prophylaxis of chloroquine resitance P. falciparum AD - GI, liver enzyme rise Contra - PREG Special -
33
Antibiotics for malaria
tetracycline, doxycycline, clindamycin MOA - inhibit apucoplase in parasite kinetics - Slow acting
34
Malaria Treatment
1. Complicated ( only IV) or not complicated ( oral or IV) 2. **Complicated** - give artesunate until can be sent home with oral meds 3.** Uncomplicated ** 4. **Falciparum ** 5. Cholorquine senstive - give cholorquine 6. Cholorquine resistance - give Ato + prag, artemether + lumefantrine, Quinine + antibiotic, Mefloquine 7. Mefloquine resitance - give Ato + prag, artemether + lumefantrine, Quinine + antibiotic, 8. **Non-falciparum ** 9. Give choloroquine - malaria 10. Add primaquine - P. Ovale, P. Vivax
35
Protezoal Amebiasis Treatment
Asystematic - Lodoquinol or paromoycin Intestial diseas - metronidazole followed by asystematic drug Extrainstestianl - metronidazole followed by asystematic drug
36
Tinidazole
MOA- like metronidazole with everything Kinetics - QD Contra - Pregnacy
37
Paromomycin
MOA- binds to 30s subunit Kinetics - only oral Use- asymptomatic amebiasis (unless with metro) Giadiasis AD - GI and rash
38
Iodoquinol
MOA- Unknown Kinetics - oral Use- Amebiasis AD - GI eat with food, Special - Enlargement of thyroid
39
Protezoal Giardiasis treatment
Metro, Tinidazole, nitazoxanide, paromomycin ( low effic but can use with pregnacy)
40
Nitazoxanide
MOA- unknown Kinetics - well absorbed Use- Giardiasis AD - Gi
41
Albendazole
MOA- blocks micotubles systhesis and cause glucose block starvation \ Kinetics - poor absorption but okay cause in GI system, meta liver Use- Nematodes ( GI best), Cycsticerosis ( give with food if used for this), Invasive Cestode AD - mild liver Contra - pregnacy and hepatic disease
42
Pyrantel Pamoate
MOA- Ach realse to paralyze worm ( common treatment) Kinetics - poor absorption Use- Intestial round worms AD - GI dizzy
43
Ivermectin
MOA- Bind Cl- channels and paralyze ( dont not pass BBB) Use- all round worms execpt hookworms AD - GI and itching Contra - PREGNACY Special - DOC for strongyloidiasis and Oncheoceriasis
44
Praziquantel
MOA- Increase Ca permeability to cause paralysis Use- DOC schistosomiasism, Cycticercosis, other tape worms AD - GI and itching
45
Zanamivir
MOA- Block the Neuraminidase ( the budding of the virus) Use- Influenza but only 1-2 days for first symptoms bc viral load gets to high AD - cough, headache Contra-milk protein, COPD, Asthma special - inhalation
46
Oseltamivir
MOA- Block the Neuraminadas ( the budding of the virus) Use- Influenza but only 1-2 days for first symptoms bc viral load gets to high AD - Headace NV Special - DOC, PO
47
Peramivir
MOA- Block the Neuraminadas ( the budding of the virus) Use- Influenza but only 1-2 days for first symptoms bc viral load gets to high AD - diarrhea Special - PO
48
Amantadine
MOA- M2 protine inhibitor ( less acid to break down outerlayer and delay RNA release Use- Influenza AD - CNS GI Special - a lot of resistance so barely used
49
Didanosine, Zidovudine, Lamivudine, abacvir, [Tenofovir and Emtricitiabine QD] | -dine, -bine
Type - NRIT MOA- Inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase, prodrug that lacks hydorxyl group to elongation cant occur Use-HIV R step AD - MItocondria activity (PLAN) pancreatitis, Lactic Acidosis, Anemia, Neuropathy. DZ more - later less mito effects Contra- Specail-
50
Abacavir
Drug type - nucleoside Special - HLA-B hypersensitivity (rash and peaks at day 11)
51
Tenofovir
Drug type - nucleoside Special - Renal and Bone toxic TAF - lower renal toxic
52
Zidovudine
Drug Type - Nucleoside Special - liopatrophy ( losing fat in arms,legs and face)
53
What drug is used to treat Hep B and HIV
lamivudine, tenofovir and emtricitabine new to watch out discontinue theses meds as it can cause hep b flare if they have
54
Didanosine
pancreatitis, hepatoxic severe side effects
55
Efavirenz, Nevirapine, Etravirine, Rilpivirine | Vir in the middle
Type - NNRTIS MOA - binds directly to RT and cause conformation change of catalytic center AD - Rash can lead to Steven Johnson, Hepatotoxic Contra- CYP interaction (not Rilpivirine) Special - Food matters, Efaz need empty, Etravirine and Rilpivirine need food, NEvirapine depends on diet
56
Efavirenz
NNRTI timing dependent day = stoned night = nightmares Needs empty stomach MOST TERATOGENIC
57
Raltegravir, Elvitegravir, Dolutegravir | Tegravir
Type - INSTI MOA - Interfere with viral into host DNA at I in RIP AD - well tolerated but some GI Special - Elvitegravir - need booster (CYP inhibitor)
58
Atazanavir, Darumavir, Ritonavir, Nefinavir, Indinavir | Navir
Type - PI MOA - blocks proteolytic of proteins precoursors that are used for production (ONLY A BOOSTER NEVER MONO) AD - Metabolic problems, liver toxic, protease pouch (human primodial pouch) Atazanavir least side effects but hyperbilirubinemia contra - CAD, Diabetes Special - INHIBIT CYP so can combo with drugs meta by CYP
59
HIV treatment | will ask on test if valid regiment
3 drugs - 2 NRTIS +INSTI, NNRTI or PI new pt usually NRTIS and 3 drug Biktary - TAF, FTC/ emtricatabine and Bictegravir Triumeq - Aba, lam, dolutegravir (NEED HYPER TESTING) ALL NEED TO TEST CD4 T and VIRAL LOAD
60
Maraviroc
Type - Fusion MOA - CCR-5 antagonist Kinetic - PO AD - increased infection Contra - Cyp inducer/ inhibior
61
Enfuvirtide
type - fusion MOA - binds GP41 and blocks fusion and viral entry Kinetics - SQ AD - injection site and rash
62
Ibalizumab
type - fusion MOA - agonist of CD4 and inhibt entry USE - Drug resistance HIV AD - diarrhea, dizzy , opportunistic infections
63
Rendesivir
MOA - Monophosphate - inhibitor of RNA dependent RNA polymerase AD - liver toxic, infusion rxn
64
Nirmatrelvir + Ritonovir
Type - paxloid MOA - Nir protease inhibitor block replication, Rit booster block cyp USE - >12 with a high risk of develping severe covid AD - Diarrhea, Dysgeusia (taste disorder)
65
Molnupiravir
MOA - prodrug blocks eloongation ONLY IF PAX NO AVAILABLE AD - dizziness, Diarrhea
66
Amphotericin
MOA - interact with membranes to form pores and poke holes USE - DOC for aspergillosis, candida cryptococcus, histoplasma AD - BAD infusioon rxn, super nephro toxic (needs saline), hypokalemia, hypomagnesia
67
5-FC
MOA - Penetrates cell well, to delaminat cystosine to 5-FU AD hematelogic effects ( anemia, leukopenia, throbocytopenia)
68
-azole
MOA - blocks lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase AD - NV, hepatotoxic Contra - CYP
69
Fluconazole
GI and chapped lips
70
Voriconazole
Visual distrub
71
Pasaconazole
well tolerated some GI
72
Isaruconazole
GI
73
Micafungin, Caspofungin, Anidulafungin
MOA - inhibit glucan synthase AD - some minor histamine release
74
Terbinafine
MOA - inhibit squalene-epoxidase USE - fungal fingernails and toenails AD - taste distrubacnes, GI, Hepatoxic, Headache
75
Antifungal useage

MicroBio (7 decks)

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