PPQs Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
Tx for Ank Spond
A
NSAID, then Infliximab
2
Q
DMARD for RhA
A
Tocilizumab
3
Q
CVID Tx
A
Pooled Ig
4
Q
Psoriasis DMARD
A
Ustenkinumab
5
Q
Tx for urticaria
A
Anti-histamine
6
Q
Tx for angioedema anaphylaxis
A
IM adrenaline
7
Q
Cytokine which promotes antibody synthesis stimulates B cells
A
IL-4
8
Q
Cytokine for eosinophil growth
A
IL-5
9
Q
Cytokine released first in contact dermatitis
A
IL-12
10
Q
Wegener’s Tx
A
Prednisolone, then Ciclophosamide
11
Q
Carcinoid syndrome
A
Enterochromaffin cell tumour –> produces serotonin
Bronchoconstriction, Flushing, Diarrhoea
Tx: Octerotide
12
Q
HIV gp120 binds to
A
CCR5 or CXCR4
13
Q
HIV gp41
A
Allows penetration
14
Q
Neutralising antibodies against HIV
A
anti-gp120, anti-gp41
15
Q
Non-neutralising antibodies formed against HIV
A
HIV p24
16
Q
CCR7
A
Chemokine receptor on T helper cell
17
Q
Recurrent meningococcal meningitis
A
C7 deficiency
18
Q
Patient treated for RhA now gets TB / mycobacterial infection
A
Iatrogenic - infliximab –> similar to IFN-γdeficiency
19
Q
Asplenic patients need what vaccines
A
Pneumoxvax - every 5 years
20
Q
Vaccines contraindicated in infliximab
A
Live vaccines (e.g. MMR, Nasal flu vaccine, Typhoid, Yellow fever, Sabin)
21
Q
Marker in heart failure
A
Brain natriuretic peptide
22
Q
Warfarin decreases which coagulation factor first
A
Factor VII (7) - NOT Protein C since protein C is not a cogulation factor
23
Q
Alcoholic and OGD shows white things on oesophagus
A
Leukoplakia
24
Q
Blood transfusion for man with previous allergic reaction
A
Washed cells
25
INR for AF
2.0 - 3.0
26
INR for prosthetic valve
2.5 - 3.0
27
Monitoring for unfractionated heparin
APTT
28
Small ulcer on finger which won't heal, getting bigger, Solider, Afghan
Leishmania
29
HIV, SOB, dry cough, ground glass on imaging
PCP
30
CXR halo sign
Invasive aspergillosis
31
Immunodeficiency with common gamma chain issue
X-linked SCID
32
JC virus causes
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
33
Reactivation of a virus after transplant
Epstein Barr virus
34
Virus causing aseptic meningitis
Enterovirus (Coxsackie virus Group B or Echovirus)
35
Slate grey skin, diabetes, fatty stools
Haemochromatosis
36
Tx time for VTE
3 months
37
Sacrioilliits, HLA B27 +ve
Ankylosing spondylitis
38
Elderly man fall with dark urine, cause of dark urine
Myoglobin
39
Multiple myeloma with restrictive cardiomyopathy
Amyloid
40
Mexico and unpasteurised diary, 4 weeks later unwell
Brucella
41
Cut hand cleaning fish tank
Mycobacterium marinum
42
Tx for MRSA
Vancomycin
43
Tx for C diff
Metronidazole
44
Glomerulonephritis with lung changes, c-ANCA +ve
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
45
What to give if pen allergic
Cephalosporin (Cephalexin) or Macrolide
46
CLL with p53 mutation
(1) Rituximab or Alemtuzumab
| (2) Ibrutinib
47
Tx for CML
Imatinib
48
Prophylaxis for allograft rejection
Mycophenolate mofetil, Prednisolone, Tacrolimus
49
Common cause of cellulitis
Strep pyogenes
50
Coeliac and IEL stands for
Intraepithelial lymphocytes
51
Woman found died at home surrounded by needles. Family want death cert.
Ask family for permission to do autopsy in hospital
52
Homeless man dies, no next of skin, consultant says autospy
Consent not needed - human tissue act does not apply
53
Hospital autopsy, coroner wants spine for teaching
Must ask family
54
Tx for malaria
Non-falciparum malaria --> Chloroquine, Primaquine (if G6PD normal)
Falciparum malaria
- Mild --> Atovaquone, Proguanil, Riamet (Artemisinin + Lumefantrine), Quinine
- Severe --> IV Artesunate
55
β thalassaemia presents with erectile dysfunction
Transfusion-associated haemosiderosis
56
GvHD - Sx
Delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction
Rash
Bloody diarrhoea
Dies 4 days after transfusion
57
TRALI - Sx
Hypotension, Tachycardia, Fever, SOB, Bilateral lung infiltrates, ↓ SO2
58
Sickle cell FHx, sickle cell solubility test shows clouding
Sickle cell trait
59
Haemolysis after anti-malarials
G6PD
60
Can eat cooked apple but if raw apple --> inflamed lips
Oral allergy syndrome
61
Cross-country running gets red rash on legs, control with antihistamines
Cold urticaria
62
Allergic reaction when blowing up balloons
Type 1 latex allergy
63
Bloated after drinking milk, non-IgE
Lactose intolerance
64
↑ paraprotein, back pain, loss of sensation in legs
Multiple myeloma (usually ↑ IgG, either Kappa or Lambda)
65
IgM paraprotein + visual disturbances
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma = Waldenstrom's macroglobinaemia
| If you are walking in a (walden)storm, visibility can be a problem.
66
German with low neutrophils, all other normal
Chronic idiopathic neutropenia
67
Diabetes, Back pain, ↑ IgA, ↓ GFR, FBC normal, albumin normal
MGUS
68
Cut-off between MGUS and MM
Monoclonal protein < 30 (IgG, IgA)
| BM plasma cells < 10%
69
Student with ↑↑ ALT, ↑ ALP, ↑ GGT
Viral hepatitis
70
Traveller's diarrhoea
Escherichia coli
71
5 days after eating raw chicken
Campylobactera (or Shigella if bloody diarrhoea)
72
Diarrhoea for nurses or Cruise ships
Norovirus
73
Osmolality
2(Na+K)+Urea+Glucose
74
Anion gap
Na+K-Cl-Bicarb
75
Cell type inhibited by MHC1 on cells
NK cells
76
Cell type binds to MHC1 presenting cells
CD8 cell
77
Barrett's oesophagus --> ↑ risk of
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma
78
Pernicious anaemia - stomach histology
Atrophic (gastritis)
79
what breast canacer is also known as non-specific type?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
80
Most common breast malignancy
Invasive ductal carcinoma
81
Breast cancer and E-cadherin +ve
Invasive ductal carcionoma
82
Breast cancer and E-cadherin -ve
Invasive lobular carcinoma
83
Which breast cancer has a high, medium and low stage to it
Ductal carcinoma in situ
84
Breast Fibro-epithelial tumour with abudent stromal elements
Phyllodes tumour
85
Enzyme raised in osteomalacia
ALP
86
Women, dry eyes, parotid swellling
Sjogren's syndrome
87
HIV Tx monitoring
CD4 count, Viral load
88
SLE disease monitoring
C3/C4
89
Boy, no B cells, recurrent chest infections
Bruton's X linked agammaglobinaemia
90
Boy, abscesses, +ve NBT
Myeloperoxidase deficiency
91
-ve NBT
Chronic granulomatous disease
92
Boy develops TB after BCG vaccine
IFN-γ deficiency
93
Frank painless haematuria with unilateral mass
Renal cell carcinoma
94
Loin-to-groin pain, haematuria, pain at end of micturition
Calculus
95
AF and flank pain
Renal infarct
96
Most common cause of maternal ↓ Plt
Gestational thrombocytopaenia
97
Causes DIC in pregnancy
Amniotic fluid embolus
| Placental abruption
98
Antiviral to treat RSV
Ribavirin
99
Male, Smoker, Sudden chest pain radiating to neck
Descending internal carotid thrombus
100
CSF ↑ lymphocytes, ↑ protein, glucose
Viral (e.g. herpes)
101
Gram -ve rod causing sepsis in neonate
E coli < 3 months
| Hib > 3 months (unvaccinated)
102
Gram +ve rod meningitis in 70 year old
Listeria monocytogenes
103
Ibrutinib (BTK) is used for
CLL
104
Which enzyme makes HIV error prone
Reverse transcriptase
105
Starry sky appearance on histology
Burkitt's lymphoma
106
Plasma cells + Rouleaux
Multiple Myeloma
107
Intermittent mouth and tongue swelling, on Ace inhibitor
Drug-induced reactino (ACEi and NSAIDs)
108
Ulcers on mouth after starting a drug
Steven's johnson syndrome
109
Anti-thrombotic factors on endothelial cell wall
Thrombomodulin
110
Vector which transmits Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Tsetse fly
111
Yellow fever vector
Aedes (causes aedes aegypti)
112
Leishmaniasis vector
Sandfly
113
MRSA treatment
Vancomycin
114
Nephrotic syndrome in child
Minimal change disease
115
Nephrotic syndrome in Afro-Carribean
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
116
Most common cause of jaundice/fever in returning traveller
Malaria
117
Loss of bile ducts, granuloma
Primary biliary cholangitis
118
Indications for dialysis
```
AEIOU
Acidosis
Electrolyte disturbance
Intoxicants (methanol, ethylene glycol)
Overloaded with Fluid
Uraemic symptoms
```
119
Dad and Brother of dead person disagree over autopsy
Go to court to settle disagreement --> autopsy
120
Needlestick. Doctor refuses PEP. Wants to test pt for HIV. Pt refuses.
If patient decline and have capacity, you cannot do the test
121
Denosumab targets
RANK-L
122
DVT many years ago, presents with bruising, swelling over 5yr, leg pain
Thrombophlebitic syndrome = Post-thrombotic syndrome
123
Hyperthyroidism, ↓ TSH, ↑ T4, poor uptake on Technetium scan
Viral de Quervains (Graves' would have good uptake)
124
Massive splenomegaly, JAK2 V617F mutation,
| Leucoerythroblastic picture, tear drop poikylocytes
Myelofibrosis
125
African given Rasburicase --> haematuria + irregularly contracted cells
G6PD
126
Recent aortic valve replacement, now jaundice, Haemoglobinuria
mechanical haemolytic anaemia
127
MM gets amyloidodis, what type
Amyloid-light chain amyloidosis
128
Most common HIV drug class
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
129
β lactam with anti-pseudomonal activity
Piperacillin
130
Broad spec β-lactam, no pseudomonas activity, given with β-lactamase inhibitor
Amoxicillin
131
DNA synthesis inhibitor to treate Pseudomonas but bad against anerobes
Ciprofloxacine
132
Genital warts caused by
Herpes simplex virus 2
133
Asymptomatic, discharge, wet slide microscopy shows organism
Trichomonas vaginalis
134
PID and +ve urinary NAAT
Chlamydia trichomatis
135
UTI, Gram +ve cocci in clusters
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
136
19M rugby player with boils, teammates and Family have same boils
HSV-1
137
Neonate with meningitis, Gram +ve organism in chains
Group B strep
138
Chronic schistosomiasis is associated with what bladder cancer
SCC of Bladder
139
Radiosensitive testicle cancer in young man with white, smooth appearance
Seminoma
140
Young man, severe testicular pain while horseriding
Testicular torsion
141
Man goes deaf with bowed legs
Paget's disease
142
HIV, raised ICP, new onset epilepsy
Toxoplasmosis
143
Fever, ↑ WBC, petechial rash after URTI
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
144
Recurrent pneumococcal infections and meningitis
C7 deficiency
145
Osteoporosis mAb
Denosumab
146
T cell checkpoints, Malignant melanoma, anitbodies
PD-1 (Pembrolizumab)
| CTLA4 (ipilimumab)
147
Lymphoma and RhA antibody
Anti-CD20 (Rituximab)
148
Transplantation, T cell proliferation blocker, antibody
Anti-CD25 (basiliximab)
149
Ank spond, antibody
Anti-IL-17 antibody (Secukinumb
150
Monocytes in skin
Langerhan's cell
151
Flushed face, problems breathing on multiples times, enlarged liver
Carcinoid syndrome
152
Anti-endomysial antibodies
Coeliac disease
153
Pt with HTN - high Na, Low K, high renin, high aldosterone
Renal artery stenosis
154
Acute transfusion reaction
```
ABO
Febrile non-haemolytic (no change in BP)
Anaphylaxis
TRALI
TACO
Bacterial infection
```
155
Delayed transfusion reaction
Delayed haemolytic transfusion - rhesus
Post-transfusion purpura
GVHD
Viral infection
156
Cut-off between MGUS and MM
Monoclonal protein < 30
| BM plasma cells < 10%
157
Smouldering MM
> 30g/L M spike (paraprotein)
> 10% clonal plasma cells
No CRAB (i.e. no end organ damage)
158
Non-secretory myeloma
MM without M protein in blood or urine
159
Solitary plasmacytoma
Bone lytic lesions (B of CRAB) but no other findings of MM
160
Worsening Crohn's disease already on azathioprine, next Tx
Methotrexate
