PPT 10 - Exam 3

Question 1

China

Answer 1

3rd largest country in the world

Largest population

Question 2

Great Wall of China

Answer 2

Different parts of it were built under different feudal lords in northern China
Unified by the first Qin emperor in 221 BCE
Rebuilt during the Ming dynasty in 1368-1644 CE
4000 miles long
One of the greatest wonders of the world
Current finishing: brick

Question 3

Chinese philosophies

Answer 3

Daoism (Taoism)

• based on the classical writing - Tao te Ching
• mainly used in the design of Chinese gardens

Confucianism

• Confucius (551-479 BCE)
• respect of authority
• influenced the city planning and traditional house design

Question 4

Chinese religion

Answer 4

Animism - a reverence of natural features and cosmic elements (trees, rocks, sky, sun, moon)

Yin and yang - complementary duality of the two energies

Buddhism - initiated in India
-Buddhist architectural ideas from India influenced Chinese buildings

Question 5

Indian cave temples

Answer 5

Karli, India
Ca. 100 BC

Gigantic Buddha representation in the stupa

Question 6

Mogao caves

Answer 6

System of 492 temples were a center of culture on the Silk Road and contain well preserved religious murals and carvings spanning 1000 Years

Question 7

Yungang caves

Answer 7

20 large caves exhibiting Indian and Hellenistic influences

Question 8

Longmen cave

Answer 8

1,350 caves and 40 pagodas, thousands of Buddhist statues carved out of the hard limestone cliffs

Question 9

Chinese Buddhist temple elements

Answer 9

Hall for venerating images of Buddha

Pagoda- tapering tower with multiple roof levels, built by Buddhists particularly in China and Japan

Question 10

Stupas

Answer 10

Small mounds of stone and earth raised over the relics

Question 11

Viharas

Answer 11

Monasteries created by the Buddhist monks who settled around stupas

Question 12

Circumambulation path

Answer 12

Circular processional path central to the Buddhist ritual

Question 13

Harmica

Answer 13

The square railing at the top of a stupa

Question 14

Chatra

Answer 14

A triple tiered umbrella form set atop a stupa, symbolic of the Bodhi tree under which Buddha gained enlightenment

Question 15

Songyue Pagado

Answer 15

Dengfeng, China 
523
Oldest surviving brick structure in China 
Parabolic shape 
15 tiers of roof

Question 16

Longhua Pagoda

Answer 16

Shanghai, China
977
part of the Longhua temple- the oldest and largest temple in shanghai
Brick body and wooden staircases
7 stories, each one smaller than the one below it

Question 17

Fogong Monastery

Answer 17

Shanxi, China
1056
Oldest surviving wood pagado, and one of the tallest wood structures in the world
5 levels

Question 18

Chinese architectural principles

Answer 18

Wood and post-and-beam

Roof structures

Jian- modular unit used in construction

Question 19

Yingzao-fasha

Answer 19

Book of building standards (ca. 11th century)

Written by Li Jie during Song Dynasty

Question 20

Quin dynasty

Answer 20

1644-1911

3 painting styles

• hexi
• xuanzi
• Suzhou

Question 21

Feng shui

Answer 21

The Chinese art of adjusting a design to site-specific conditions so as to promote harmony in accordance with daoist principles

Question 22

Jinci temple - hall of sacred mother

Answer 22

1023-1032

Confucian tradition- hilly site with a running water system

Question 23

Beijing - city planning

Answer 23

An excellent representation of the ancient city planning principles

Question 24

House design

Answer 24

Typical design mostly constructed of a regime wood frame modules was used
Family’s privacy is very important and protected

Question 25

Tulou

Answer 25

Courtyard house built of clay in 18th century

Question 26

Landscape design

Answer 26

Applied daoist principles Because an art form that used the scenic values of the natural forms and explored the site natural settings Meant to be irregular and picturesque to create a relaxing atmosphere that would promote a meditative State upon nature

Question 27

Japanese architecture

Answer 27

Originally heavily influenced by Chinese, Indian, and Korean architecture

Question 28

Horta-ji temple complex

Answer 28

Nara, Japan 8th century Claims to have the oldest and tallest wooden structures in Japan Lecture hall - kodo- used for instructing monks within the monastery

Question 29

Shinto shrines- Ise Shrine

Answer 29

Uji-Yamada, Japan 690 Small and modest in design

Question 30

Minka

Answer 30

Wooden Japanese folk houses, typical of rural communities

Question 31

Tatami

Answer 31

Mats woven of rice straw, approximately three by six feet

Question 32

Fusuma

Answer 32

Vertical rectangular sliding panels that can act as dividing walls or doors They can easily redefine indoor spaces

Question 33

Shoji

Answer 33

Room divider similar to the fusuma, made of translucent paper

Question 34

Castles

Answer 34

Occupied a block; oriented towards the south; axial main hall flanked by side walls; facing a courtyard; pond and extensive landscaping

Question 35

Yoshimura house

Answer 35

Osaka, Japan Ca. 1620 One of the best known farmhouses Open for visitation 2 times a year

Question 36

Himeji castle (Egrets or the White Heron castle)

Answer 36

Himeji, Japan 1609 Most spectacular and best preserved Samurai fortress

Question 37

Zen Buddhism

Answer 37

``` Chan Buddhism - a meditative practice Rapidly adopted by the upper governmental class especially the leading class of warriors -the samurai ```

Question 38

Jizodo of shofukuji temple

Answer 38

Japan 1404 A one story building located on the grounds of that temple It is considered a national treasure

Question 39

Katsura imperial villa

Answer 39

Tokyo, Japan 17th century Considered one of the finest examples of Japanese architecture in existence

Question 40

Tea houses | Katsura imperial villa

Answer 40

Tokyo, Japan 17th century 5 tea houses separated from the main house, with a small entrance from a courtyard garden for practicing the art of tea ceremony

Question 41

Gardens | Katsura imperial villa

Answer 41

Tokyo, Japan 17th Century Definitely one of the most beautiful gardens in Japan