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Skel Rad A > PPT 6 > Flashcards

PPT 6 Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Sutures, tib/fib, radius/ulna are what type of joints?

A

Fibrous Joints

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2
Q

IVD, Symphysis pubis are what type of joints?

A

Cartilage Joints

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3
Q

SI joints, digits and knees are what type of joints?

A

Synovial Joints

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4
Q

The ____ is not visualized radiographically in synovial joints

A

joint capsule

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5
Q

The joint capsule in synovial joints are

A

fibrous

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6
Q

What attaches to the synovial joint capsule and non-articular bone and secretes synovial fluid?

A

Synovial membrane

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7
Q

Synovial membrane is made of what type of tissue?

A

Vascular CT

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8
Q

What provides lubrication and nutrition for the joint?

A

synovial fluid

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9
Q

The articular cartilage is ___ cartilage and ____mm thick

A

hyaline

1-7mm

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10
Q

Active tissue with abundant blood supply and a thin cortex

A

subchondral bone plate

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11
Q

Arthritic disorders can be ____, _____, or ____

A
  1. inflammatory
  2. degenerative
  3. metabolic
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12
Q

Soft tissue swelling, uniform loss of joint space, bone erosions and juxta-articular osteoporosis are radiographic findings of which arthritic disorder?

A

Inflammatory

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13
Q

Examples of inflammatory arthritic disorders:

A
  • RA
  • psoriatic arthritis
  • ankylosing spondylitis
  • reiter’s syndrome (reactive arthirits)
  • primary OA (inflammatory or erosive)
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14
Q

Reiter’s syndrome is ____ arthritis

A

reactive

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15
Q

Non-uniform loss of joint space, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, and subchondral cysts are radiographic findings of which type of arthritic disorder?

A

Degenerative/secondary OA

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16
Q

Inflammatory arthritis is _____ while degenerative/secondary OA is _____

A

symmetric

asymmetric

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17
Q

Periarticular soft tissue masses, well marginated bone lesions and preservation of joint space are radiographic findings of which arthritic disorder?

A

Metabolic

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18
Q

T or F: metabolic arthritic disorders may have overlapping degenerative and inflammatory processes

A

True

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19
Q

Gout is an example of which arthritic disorder?

A

Metabolic

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20
Q

What is the MC joint pathology?

A

Degenerative joint disease aka secondary OA

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21
Q

Which disease is progressive, non-inflammatory, affects small joints of hands and larger weight-bearing joints?

A

degenrative joint disease

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22
Q

Primary DJD is ___ and affects _ to _ decade, females with a : ratio

A

idioppathic
5th-6th
10:1

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23
Q

Secondary DJD affects to decade and affects M=F

A

2nd-6th

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24
Q

POOR correlation between radiographic changes and symptoms

A

DJD

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25
DJD has reversible or irreversible changes?
irreversible
26
What is the pathological process of DJD?
collagen fibers + proteoglycan (ground substance) = cartilage
27
What supports collagen fibers and provides cartilage with resilience to mechanical forces?
ground substance
28
Abnormal physical forces on ground substance --> destruction of cartilage = ______ which exposes _____
loss of joint space | subchondral bone
29
Weakness of joint cartilage & cortical microfaractures + synovial fluid enters subarticular (subchondral) bone = ___
subchondral cysts
30
What is the AKA for subchondral cysts?
Geodes
31
Cartilage metaplasia at joint margin + increased capsular insertion stress/ligament traction + ____
osteophyte formation
32
What are the 8 radiographic findings of DJD?
1. asymmetrical distribution 2. non-uniform joint space loss 3. osteophytes 4. subchondral sclerosis 5. subchondral cysts 6. intra-articular loose bodies 7. articular deformity 8. joint subluxation
33
An example of asymmetrical distribution for DJD:
hip
34
Non-uniform loss of joint space for DJD is seen at areas of greatest ______ & the joint space is _____ at areas not exposed to as much stress
intra-articular stress | preserved
35
Osteophytes are ____ with ____ changes
bony outgrowths/exostoses | hypertrophic
36
What is the AKA for subchondral sclerosis?
eburnation
37
Subchondral sclerosis is seen where _____ cartilage is lost, ____ mechanical stress ____ protection/cushion of cartilage
greatest increased without
38
In subchondral sclerosis what is REQUIRED to have eburnation?
decrease joint space
39
Subchondral cysts are FOCAL areas of ____ within ____ bone
osteopenia | subarticular
40
What is the DDX for subchondral cysts in DJD?
neoplasm, infection
41
Subchondral cysts have ____ geographic lucency and are _-_mm in diameter
ovoid | 2-20mm
42
Subchondral cysts have a ____ and ____ margin
thin | sclerotic
43
What is next to degenerative joint surface?
subchondral cysts
44
If subchondral cysts are large and/or numerous it can lead to
fractures and deformities
45
What is the AKA for intra-articular loose bodies?
joint mice
46
Intra-articular loose bodies are intra-articular accumulations of ___ with some pieces of ___ bone
cartilage | subchondral
47
MC site for intra-articular loose bodies?
knees
48
Synoviochondrometaplasia
metaplastic synovium that produce cartilaginous and osseous debris
49
Articular deformity can be due to repetitive stress and:
1. trabecular remodeling 2. fracture 3. collapse
50
Progressive deformation of articular surfaces can be due to:
1. vascular disturbances 2. necrosis 3. collapse 4. joint degeneration
51
With joint subluxation the degenerative joint can be prone to
displacement
52
With joint subluxation weight-bearing or functional stress films can demonstrate
instability
53
DJD - HIP AKAs:
coxarthrosis, malum coxae senilis
54
DJD-HIP there is an ___ risk of ____
increased | osteoporosis
55
In DJD-Hip a non-uniform loss of joint space =
migration
56
What are 3 types of migration
1. superior 2. medial 3. axial
57
Waldenstrom sign is ___ migration and on CT it is ___ migration
superior | anterior
58
Protrusio acetabuli is ___ migration and on CT is is ___ migration
medial | posterior
59
Superomedial displacement is ___ migration and seen in __ or ___
axial | RA or infection
60
Buttressing characteristics
- thickening - MEDIAL side - stress-related - altered joint mechanics
61
DJD-KNEE what are 3 compartments?
1. medial 2. lateral 3. patellofemoral
62
What is the MC compartment of the knee?
medial
63
In DJD-KNEE you see ___ of tibial eminence and ___ loose bodies (vs Os fabella)
sharpening | calcified
64
Chondromlacia patellae characteristics:
- “cartilage softening” - Pain and crepitus - From patellofemoral joint - Adol/yg adult
65
Chondromlacia patellae could be due to:
- Trauma - patellar dislocation - misalignment - syndrome - cartilage vulnerability - occupation
66
Chondromlacia patel you can have these signs & symptoms:
- Anteromedial knee pain - Crepitus, buckling, locking, stiffness, swelling - *movie sign - Retropatellar pain with direct compression (knee slightly flexed) - Patella alta
67
What is used to detect patellar misalignment?
Q angle
68
What is the normal range for Q angle?
15-20 degrees
69
What is the Q angle NR for men?
14 degrees
70
What is the Q angle NR for women?
17 degrees
71
Who usually has a higher Q angle and why?
women, because of their naturally wider pelvis
72
If measured laying down the Q angle will be _-_ degrees ___
1-3 | lower
73
A HIGH Q angle often results in ____ which means it DOES NOT travel over the front of the knee joint as it should
malt racking of the patella
74
Overtime, mal tracking of the patella can cause ____ to the cartilage on the ___ of the patella which causes pain often known as
microtrauma rear anterior knee pain, patellofemoral pain or chondromalacia patella
75
What also places additional strain on the Q angle due to excessive INTERNAL rotation of the tibia?
over-pronated feet
76
How do you decrease the Q angle?
A thorough biomechanical assessment is required in order to progress with a treatment plan. The first step is to correct any over-pronation at the feet using orthotics.
There is no manipulation or adjustment (such as you might receive at a chiropractor) to reduce Q angle. Correct biomechanics must be achieved through a rehabilitation program which focuses on restoring flexibility to tight muscles (commonly calves, hamstrings and quadriceps. )
77
DJD-ANKLE & TARSAL JTS is in an _____ site and it is the result of ____
uncommon site | previous trauma
78
Tamar break, tarsal coalition, calcaneal "spurs" (degenerative) are seen in
DJD of the ankle & tarsal its
79
Calcaneal "spurs" (osteophyte) - degenerative are also seen in
- AS - Psoriasis - Reiter's
80
DJD of the foot is MC in which joint?
1st metatarsophalangeal joint
81
DJD-FOOT characteristics
- *Osteophytes and deformity (hallux valgus) - Bony outgrowth – lead to bunion - Dorsal and medial surface - Simulates Gout! - Osteophytes also seen from hallux sesamoids
82
Which DJD stimulates gout?
DJD of the foot
83
Pathogenesis of hallux valgus?
- complex deformity with angle between 1st & 2nd MT >9 degrees & valgus angle at MTP joint >20 degrees - valgus posture of great toe causing hammer toe like deformity of second toe - splaying of forefoot causing bunion - incongruence causing OA of 1st MTP
84
Gouty arthritis is characterized by
sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness and tenderness in joints, often the joint at the base of the big toe.
85
Who is more likely to get gout?
Men
86
Who becomes increasingly susceptible to gout?
Women, after menopause
87
Gout occurs when which crystals accumulate in the joint causing pain and inflammation?
urate crystals
88
When do urate crystals form?
when you have high levels of uric acid in your blood
89
Which tests can be used for gouty arthritis?
``` joint fluid test blood test xray imaging ultrasound dual energy CT scan ```

Skel Rad A (3 decks)

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